GI Disorders (C) Flashcards
What are the primary GI organs?
Mouth, esophagus stomach, small intestine, large intestine
What are the secondary GI organs?
Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
What are the symptoms of dyspepsia (indigestion)?
Heartburn, bloating, abdominal pain
What may cause dyspepsia?
Food, appendicitis, kidney/gallbladder/colon disease, or psychological stress
What are the symptoms of esophagitis?
Heartburn and dysphagia
What causes esophagitis?
GERD— hiatal hernia, reduced LES pressure, vomiting, overweight, or smoking
Which condition makes esophageal cancer life-threatening?
GERD
What is a hiatal hernia?
Stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity. Food mixes somewhat with gastric juices but cannot move normally
What is the dietary treatment for a hiatal hernia?
Small, frequent meals, avoiding irritants and foods that cause the LES to relax (fatty/fried foods and caffeine.) In some cases, losing weight, and avoid lying down after eating
What is a peptic ulcer?
The erosion of the mucous membrane in either the stomach (gastric ulcer) or duodenum (duodenal ulcer)
What are the causes of peptic ulcers?
Genetics, increased hydrochloric acid, excessive analgesics, smoking, or the bacteria heliobacter pylori
What are the symptoms of peptic ulcers?
Burning gastric pain (relieved with food or antacid), sometimes hemorrhage (which requires surgery)
What is the (non-diet) treatment of peptic ulcers?
Antibiotics and cimetidine (inhibits acid secretion). Calcium antacids may also neutralize the stomach acid.
What is the dietary treatment for peptic ulcers?
No more than 0.8g protein/kg (1-1.5 if blood loss.) Moderately increase fat. Supplement iron for hemorrhage. 3 balanced meals. Avoid irritants.
Why is smoking harmful to patients with peptic ulcers?
Reduces pancreas secretions that buffer stomach acid
Why should fat be moderately increased for peptic ulcers?
Delay gastric emptying, but moderate because clients are prone to atherosclerosis
What are diverticulosis and diverticulitis?
Little pockets inside of the colon. Diverticulitis occurs when feces collects and bacteria breeds. If the pockets rupture, surgery is necessary.
What is the cause of diverticulosis?
A low fiber diet
What is the treatment for diverticulosis?
Antibiotics; begin with a clear-liquid diet, then transition to low-residue, and finally high-fiber after healing
What are the characteristics of IBS (previously spastic colon/colitis)?
Functional issues, not damage— Abdominal pain for three months thrice a month
What are possible causes of IBS?
Genetics, food sensitivity, bacteria, hormones, altered neurotransmitters or psychological issues
What food irritate IBS?
High-fat foods, lactose, alcohol, caffeine, and sweetened drinks
What is the dietary treatment for IBS?
Low-FODMAP diet: less honey, corn syrup, fruits with pits/seeds, milk, wheat, onions/garlic, beans, and sugar alcohols
What are the two IBDS?
Ulcerative colitis (ulcers in colon, rectum, or entire large intestine); Crohn’s disease (progressive autoimmune disorder affecting both the small intestine and large intestine)
What is the dietary treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases?
Replace lost electrolytes, fluids, vitamins, and minerals (diarrhea) and iron/protein (bleeding); low residue diet and 100g protein. In severe cases, temporary TPN.
What is an ileostomy/colostomy?
A temporary or permanent nickel-sized stoma created from the ileum (if the entire colon has been removed) or colon (if the rectum and anus are removed)