Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nutrition > Childhood and Adolescence (C) > Flashcards

Childhood and Adolescence (C) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average weight gain for a child between 1-2 years old?

A

5lb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Children should be given fat-free milk after what age?

A

2 years (need to support brain development slows)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How often do young children need a snack?

A

Every 2-3 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many calories per pound of bodyweight does a six month old girl need?

A

54 calories per pound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many calories per pound of bodyweight does a ten year old girl need?

A

35 calories per pound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are known as the “powerhouse fruits and veggies”?

A

Citrus and berries; broccoli and orange/green vegetables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How much water do children need per calorie?

A

1 mL; 1,200 calories = 5 cups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What percent of US children meet the required whole grain intake?

A

22%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What percent of US children meet the required intake of dark greens and starchy beans?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What percent of US children meet the required intake for whole fruit?

A

70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

100% juice should be limited to how much per day for children?

A

4-6oz for ages 1-6; 8-12oz for older children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

At what age should children be screened for high cholesterol?

A

2 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the ideal serum cholesterol levels for youth?

A

<170 mg/dL total; <110 LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Children aged 1-3 years should consume what percent of calories from fat?

A

30-40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Children aged 4-18 years should consume what percent of calories from fat?

A

25-35%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If calories from fat equal 30% total, how should this be divided among saturated and unsaturated fats?

A

Under 7% saturated, under 8% polyunsaturated, 15% monounsaturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which nutrients are essential to adolescent bone health?

A

Vitamin D, protein, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, B12, and zinc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What percent of US toddlers are anemic?

A

14%; slightly higher in low income and black children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When should children be screened for anemia?

A

9-12 months old; again at 1-5 years old if risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many US children aged 3-17 have an ADHD diagnosis?

A

5.9 million / 9.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How should the appetite suppression that occurs with ADHD medication be managed?

A

Give the dose after breakfast; to compensate for decreased appetite at lunch, have a big dinner and make the pre bedtime snack the third meal. May stop meds on weekends or summers if growth change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the metabolic side effects of antipsychotic, mood stabilizing, and behavior medications for children?

A

Increased appetite– average weight gain of 1-1.5lb per week; increased risk of type 2 diabetes and hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which age group has the largest allergy prevalence?

A

3-5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which are the three most common allergies?

A

Peanuts (making up 2%), followed by milk and shellfish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What proportion of minors have at least one food allergy?
1 out of 13
26
What percent of children with food allergies experience anaphylaxis?
40%
27
In the last thirty years, how have obesity rates in children and adolescents risen?
Doubled in children and quadrupled in adolescents
28
What percent of 2-19 year olds are obese?
17% (12.7 million!)
29
From 1998-2008, what percentage did youth with pre diabetes increase to and from?
9% to 23%
30
What fasting blood sugar is considered pre-diabetic?
100-126 mg/dL
31
The hyper pigmentation of skin folds observed in T2D and obesity is known as what?
Acanthosis nigricans
32
How many under 20 year olds have type one diabetes?
167,000 (in 2009)
33
How many new cases of type one diabetes are diagnosed in children each year?
18,000
34
How many new cases of type two diabetes are diagnosed in children each year?
5,000
35
What proportion of children born after 2000 will develop type two diabetes in their lifetime?
1 in 3
36
Which demographics of children are most commonly diabetic?
Aged 10-19, obese, and have a family history
37
Diabetics are at a higher risk for what other diseases?
Cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and neuropathy
38
Intake of what helps improve prediabetes?
Fiber and phyochemicals
39
In children, several blood pressure readings over which percentile suggest hypertension?
95%
40
What ages are the average rapid growth periods in adolescence?
10-13 for girls and 13-16 for boys
41
What age group is considered adolescent?
13-20
42
How many inches of height do growth spurts add?
3 inches for girls and 4 inches for boys
43
What percent of calories do teens get from soft drinks?
13%
44
12-19 year olds get how many teaspoons of sugar a day from soft drinks?
Boys 15 tsp; girls 10 tsp
45
What proportion of milk:soda do teens drink?
1:2 (used to be reversed)
46
What age is the peak use of calcium for bone mineralization?
12.5 years for girls and 14 years for boys
47
How much of a child's adult bone mass is created in a 3-4 year period?
40%
48
What percent of teens do not meet the daily calcium requirement?
>50%
49
How many Americans have an eating disorder?
11 million; 10 million females and 1 million males
50
Falling below what percent of the expected weight is characteristic for anorexia?
<85%
51
According to 1990s data, what proportion of young people like fast food?
1/3
52
How much larger are fast food portion sizes than their originals?
2-5x larger
53
Menu labeling is required if a restaurant has more than how many locations?
20+ locations
54
How much does the fast food industry spend on advertising anually?
$4 billion
55
What is the process of alcohol fermentation?
Enzymes change carbs into alcohol
56
What are the associated health risks of alcoholism?
Decreased nutrient absorption, higher blood pressure, damage to the heart and gonads, and liver cancer
57
In the past 30 days, what percent of teens drank or binge drank?
34.9% drank, 20% binge drank (decreased since 1999)
58
What percent of high school students used weed in the past month?
23%
59
How many times as harmful is weed to one's lungs compared to cigarettes?
4-5x (smoke held for longer)
60
1/2 of all crimes against property are related to what drug?
Cocaine
61
What is the primary health concern with cocaine usage?
Causes heart issues
62
What percent of high and middle school students used tobacco in the past month?
24.6% high school; 7.7% middle school
63
How much vitamin C do smokers need compared to the DRI?
35mg more than the DRI
64
Low intake of what nutrients are common among smokers?
Vitamin A and C, folate, and fiber
65
What are the physiological side effects of amphetamines?
Increase in blood pressure, respiration, and heart rate; dry mouth and low appetite
66
The club drug MDMA is also known as what?
Ecstasy
67
What medication may energy drinks interact with?
ADHD meds
68
How much caffeine does an energy drink contain?
80 mg in 8 oz; 200-240mg in a 20-24oz container!
69
What are the physiological side effects of caffeine?
CNS stimulant; raises blood pressure
70
What are the metabolic side effects of caffeine?
May lose small amounts of calcium and magnesium
71
Athletes require which additional nutrients?
Water, calories, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, iron, and protein
72
For light-moderate exercise lasting under one hour, how should electrolytes be replenished>
Just water
73
What macronutrient split is advised for moderate exercise?
Normal 50-55% carb, 30% fat, and 10-15% protein
74
What is the protein recommendation for endurance and strength athletes?
1.2-1.7 grams per kilogram of body weight
75
The sodium and potassium lost through perspiration can be replaced by eating what combination of foods?
Bananas and orange juice
76
Why is eating concentrated sugar pre-workout not advisable?
It may cause excess water in the gut, leading to gas and diarrhea
77
What is in the process of glycogen loading?
6-3 days out: 10% carb, heavy exercise; 3-1 days out: 70% carb, light exercise
78
What are the downsides of glycogen loading?
Less effective in women, may cause water weight gain, may cause digestive discomfort from high fiber intake, and blood sugar changes
79
What sports are creatine good for?
Sprinting and weightlifting; not long distance

Nutrition (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions