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Nutrition > Lipids (C) > Flashcards

Lipids (C) Flashcards

1
Q

What compounds is fat soluble in?

A

Ether, benzene, and chloroform

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2
Q

Fat has substantially less of which element compared to carbohydrates?

A

Oxygen

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3
Q

What are the functions of fat?

A

Cell membrane component, transports vitamins, insulates body, provides satiety, serves as an energy reserve

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4
Q

What does animal saturated fat raise in the blood?

A

Cholesterol

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5
Q

What are some examples of visible fats?

A

Butter, oil

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6
Q

Triglycerides make up what percentage of fats in the body?

A

95%

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7
Q

What is the water-soluble carb attached to fatty acids?

A

The glycerol frame

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8
Q

What are the essential fatty acids?

A

Linoleic and linolenic acid (found in omega 3’s and 6’s)

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9
Q

What is the American Heart Association recommendation for saturated fat intake?

A

Less than 7% of calories, 5-6% if CVD

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10
Q

What is the benefit of omega 3 fatty acids?

A

Lowers CVD risk

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11
Q

What is a good source of omega 3 fatty acids?

A

Fish oil

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12
Q

What are good sources of omega 6 fatty acids?

A

Sunflower oil, soft margarines, fish

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13
Q

What is the benefit of omega 6 fatty acids?

A

Lowers cholesterol

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14
Q

What percent of calories should polyunsaturated fat make up?

A

No more than 10%

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15
Q

What percent of calories should monounsaturated fat make up?

A

20%

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16
Q

What are the dangers of Trans-Fatty Acids?

A

Raises LDL and lowers HDL, increases risk of CVD and type II diabetes

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17
Q

What is a hydrogenated fat?

A

A polyunsaturated fat with hydrogens added (ie margarine)

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18
Q

Where is cholesterol found?

A

Body cells and animal products

19
Q

What are the functions of cholesterol?

A

Synthesizes bile, sex hormones, cortisone, and vitamin D. Necessary to all cells

20
Q

How much cholesterol does the liver produce per day?

A

800-1,000 mg

21
Q

Hypercholesterolemia contributes to what type of disease?

A

Heart disease

22
Q

What is a healthy serum cholesterol level?

A

Under 200 mg/dL

23
Q

How can someone lower their serum cholesterol?

A

Decrease intake of saturated fats and cholesterol, increase intake of monounsaturated fats and soluble fiber, lose weight, and exercise

24
Q

What percent of ingested fat is digested and absorbed?

A

95%

25
Q

Where is fat predominantly digested?

A

The small intestine

26
Q

What foods does gastric lipase act on?

A

Cream and egg yolk

27
Q

How is fat digested in the small intestine?

A

Bile emulsifies, pancreatic lipase reduces, and villi absorb

28
Q

What is the function of lipoproteins?

A

Carry fat through blood

29
Q

What are chylomicrons?

A

The largest and lightest lipoproteins, made up of 80-90% fat

30
Q

What are VLDLS?

A

Lipoproteins made by the liver that become LDLs

31
Q

What are LDLs?

A

Lipoproteins made up of 45% cholesterol, preferably making up <130 mg/dL in the bloodstream

32
Q

What are HDLS?

A

Lipoproteins that carry cholesterol back for excretion. Preferably >40 mg/dL in the blood, and >60 mg/dL protects against heart disease?

33
Q

What lifestyle factor lowers the amount of HDL in the blood?

A

Smoking

34
Q

Although the liver hydrolyzes fat, where is it ultimately broken down in?

A

The cells

35
Q

What are the byproducts of fat digestion?

A

CO2 and H2O

36
Q

What is lecithin?

A

A phospholipid from both plant and animal sources that emulsifies fat in order to transport fat through the blood. Commercially, it smooths food products.

37
Q

What products is Olestra used for?

A

Chips and crackers

38
Q

What is a downside of Olestra?

A

It lowers the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Therefore, products containing Olestra are fortified with A, D, E, and K.

39
Q

What is Simplesse?

A

A fat substitute made from egg/milk protein used for cold foods. 1.3 cals/g

40
Q

What is Oatrim?

A

A fat-reduced oat fiber used as thickening in baking

41
Q

What percent of the US diet is made up of saturated fat and sugar?

A

30%

42
Q

What is the AHA recommendation for saturated and unsaturated fats in the daily diet?

A

<7% saturated, 10% polyunsatured, 20% monounsaturated

43
Q

What is the minimum percent of daily calories that fat should make up?

A

10%; less is gross deficiency

Nutrition (21 decks)

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