Minerals (C) Flashcards
Minerals represent what percent of total body weight?
5-6%
How are minerals obtained?
By eating plants grown in mineral-rich soil or animals that have eaten them
What form do most minerals occur as?
Water soluble salts
What is classified as a major mineral?
> 100mg RDI
What do minerals break into as they dissolve?
Ions
Minerals are inorganic, meaning what?
They do not contain a carbon atom
The TULs for minerals should not be what?
Habitually exceeded
What are some possible side effects of mineral excess?
Toxicity, deficiency of another mineral, hair loss, hormonal upsets
What is the most prominent mineral in the body?
Calcium
For a 154lb person, how many pounds are calcium?
4lbs
What ratio of calcium is in the bones compared to the blood?
99% in bones, 1% in blood
What is the function of calcium?
Gives bones hardness; enables normal nerve and muscle action, blood clotting, heart function, and cell metabolism
What happens if intake of calcium is poor?
The parathyroid glands release a hormone for the kidneys to retrieve calcium before it is excreted. Then, the active form of vitamin D, calcitriol, tells osteoclasts to retrieve calcium from bones
Osteoblasts increase bone mass when calcium is high in the blood until what age?
30
Why do bones weaken after menopause?
Decreased estrogen
What is the best way to determine bone density?
DEXA scan
How much calcium is in 1 cup of milk?
300mg
How much calcium is in 1 oz of cheddar?
250mg
What, besides dairy, is also a good source of calcium?
Dark leafy greens, unless they contain oxalic acid (ie spinach and Swiss chard)
Fiber should not exceed 35g because what compound binds to calcium and reduces absorption?
Phytates
What proportion of phosphorus to calcium promotes bone health?
No more phosphorus than calcium
Which form of calcium is the most bioavailable, and in what dose?
Calcium carbonate antacid tablets in 500mg
Why should calcium supplements derived from bonemeal be avoided?
They may contain lead
Insufficient blood calcium can cause what?
Tetany