Vitamins (C) Flashcards
How many known vitamins are there?
13
Which chronic malabsorption disease can cause deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins?
Cystic fibrosis, celiac disease, and Crohn’s disease
What is the name for vitamin compounds that have different chemical forms but the same purpose?
Vitamers
When are fat soluble vitamins lost?
When mineral oil is ingested
What are the functions of vitamin A?
Maintain vision, bone growth, reproduction, cell division, and a healthy immune system
What are the names of carotenoids?
Beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene, zeaxanthin
What are good sources of carotenoids?
Orange and green vegetables (Carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, broccoli, pumpkin, squash, mango, canteloupe)
What are good sources of retinol?
Fat-containing animal foods
Which effect of carotenoids is not shown to be achieved with supplements?
Anti-cancer effects
What is a retinol equivalent?
3.33 IUs. 1 mcg retinol or 6mcg beta-carotene
What are the signs and symptoms of hypervitaminosis A?
Birth defects, hair loss, dry skin, liver damage, headaches, and nausea
What are the signs and symptoms of vitamin A deficiency?
Night blindness, dry skin, weakened immune system, xerophthalmia
Where is vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) found?
In plants
How is vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) made?
Synthesized through cholesterol in the skin
What is vitamin D classified as?
Prohormone
What are the functions of vitamin D?
Promotes calcium and phosphorus absorption/bone and tooth mineralization, and prevents tetany. Also plays a part in cell growth, immune and neuromuscular function, and reduces inflammation
Where is vitamin D absorbed and converted?
Absorbed in intestines, changed in the liver and kidneys
How much vitamin D does cow’s milk provide?
100IU per cup
What is the DRI for vitamin D?
600 IUs / 15 mcg
What are the signs and symptoms of hypervitaminosis D?
Calcium deposits in soft tissue, kidney and heart damage, and bone fragility
What is the TUL for vitamin D?
4,000 IUs
What is the vitamin D requirement for children ages 0-12 months?
400 IUs
What is the vitamin D requirement for seniors older than 70?
800 IUs
What are the signs and symptoms of vitamin D deficiency?
Inhibited calcium and phosphorus absorption, rickets, osteomalacia and osteoporosis