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Vasculature > Week 9 - Lesson 1 (Part 4) > Flashcards

Week 9 - Lesson 1 (Part 4) Flashcards

1
Q

What do perforators contain?

A

Valves that may become incompetent

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2
Q

What do perforators provide?

A

An anastomosis between deep and superficial systems

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3
Q

What do perforators drain?

A

Superficial blood into deep veins

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4
Q

Where are perforators more numerous?

A

In the lower leg

- has more valves

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5
Q

What do perforators maintain?

A

Correct direction of flow

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6
Q

What can larger perforators cause?

A

Varicosities

- eg) Hunter perforators

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7
Q

What are 5 characteristics of venous flow?

A
  1. Spontaneity
  2. Phasicity
  3. Augmentation
  4. Competence of valves
  5. Absence of pulsatility
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8
Q

What are used to evaluate DVT, SVT and incompetent valves? (3)

A
  1. Compression images
  2. Colour
  3. Duplex
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9
Q

What modality is the gold standard for imaging the veins?

A

US

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10
Q

What are 9 sonographic features of normal veins?

A
  1. Thin (invisible) wall
  2. Smooth wall
  3. Anechoic lumen
  4. Compressible
  5. Unidirectional flow toward the heart
  6. Flow augmentation with distal compression
  7. Spontaneous flow
  8. Phasic flow
  9. Flow ceases with valsalva maneuver
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11
Q

Where does spontaneous flow occur?

A

In veins closest to the heart

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12
Q

Where is spontaneous flow less frequently seen in?

A

The popliteal vein

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13
Q

Where is spontaneous flow not seen in?

A

Calf veins

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14
Q

Where is pressure in veins the lowest?

A

The furthest away from the heart

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15
Q

What has effects on the venous pressure? (4)

A
  1. Augmentation
  2. Valsalva maneuver
  3. Pumping the calf muscle
  4. Respiration
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16
Q

What kind of blood flow occurs in the lower extremities?

A

Phasic with respiration

17
Q

What happens to blood flow during inspiration?

A

It ceases

18
Q

What happens to blood flow during expiration?

A

Augments

- increases

19
Q

What could pulsatility of flow be caused by? (2)

A
  1. Right sided heart failure
  2. The closeness of the veins to the heart
    - eg) internal jugular vein flow
20
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?

A

It descends

21
Q

What happens to the blood flow during inhalation for lower extremities?

A

Its impeded

- delayed

22
Q

Why is the blood flow during inhalation for lower extremities impeded?

A

Due to the increase in intraabdominal pressure

23
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during exhalation?

A

The diaphragm rises

24
Q

Why does the diaphragm rise during exhalation?

A

Because intra-abdominal pressure decreases

25
Q

What is the most important feature to rule out DVT?

A

Compressibility

- if a clot is in a vein it wont compress

26
Q

What happens with augmentation?

A

Flow is dramatically increased

27
Q

How does augmentation occur?

A

With manual compression of the calf muscle with your hand

28
Q

What does augmentation confrim?

A

Patency of veins between the level where compression occurs and the level where where the probe is situated

29
Q

Valsalva maneuver

A

When a patient bears down and an increase in abdominal pressure terminates extremity flow-closes the valves and demonstrates no flow reversal
- this demonstrates competent valves

30
Q

What does venous valves regulate?

A

Venous pressure in the distal extremity

31
Q

Where is a common location for cots to form?

A

Around veins

32
Q

What is common after a DVT?

A

Broken/stuck valves

33
Q

Rouleaux

A

Are stacks or aggregations of RBCs that form because of the unique discoid shape of the cells in vertebrates. The flat surface of the discoid RBCs gives them a large surface area to make contact with and stick to each other
- causes sluggish flow

34
Q

What kinda of patients have rouleaux flow? (2)

A
  1. Pregnant
  2. Diabetics
  • can be seen in normal patients also

Vasculature (45 decks)

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