Week 2 - Lesson 2 (Part 1)

Question 1

What are the different types of pumps involved in the arterial system that has to do with circulation? (5)

Answer 1

1. The heart
2. The aortic pump
3. The muscular venous pump
4. The respiratory pump
5. Gravity

Question 2

What is the principle force behind blood flow?

Answer 2

The pumping of the heart

Question 3

What is the primary pump in circulation?

Answer 3

The heart

Question 4

What system is the heart mostly apart of?

Answer 4

The arterial system

- but does play a role in the venous system too

Question 5

What does the secondary residual force in cardiac contraction help with?

Answer 5

It helps with forcing venous blood flow back towards the heart

Question 6

What exists in the right atrium during the right ventricular filling phase?

Answer 6

A partial vacuum

Question 7

What does the partial vacuum do?

Answer 7

It serves to “suck” venous blood flow from the IVC into the right atrium

Question 8

What kind of pump does the aortic pump act as?

Answer 8

A subsidiary pump

Question 9

Subsidiary

Answer 9

Less important

Question 10

What must happen to the energy resulting from the cardiac contraction?

Answer 10

It must be stored

Question 11

Why must cardiac contraction energy be stored?

Answer 11

Because of the holdup of blood flow that occurs in the capillary bed

Question 12

What serves to store the cardiac contraction energy? (2)

Answer 12

1. The aorta

2. Other elastic arteries near the heart

Question 13

How does the aorta and other elastic arteries store the cardiac contraction energy?

Answer 13

By “stretching” with each systole

Question 14

What does stretching of the aorta during systole allow?

Answer 14

It allows the aorta to act as a “reservoir”

- storing much of the blood expelled by the heart

Question 15

What happens to the cardiac contraction energy that is stored during diastole?

Answer 15

It dissipates the large volume of blood stored in the aorta by forcing blood forward in the arteries

Question 16

What does dissipating the large volume of blood stored in the aorta cause?

Answer 16

The aorta to return to normal caliber

- allows a contraction to occur

Question 17

What can cause a great increase in blood pressure?

Answer 17

Arterial walls not being able to stretch

Question 18

Why may cause the arterial walls not to stretch? (4)

Answer 18

1. Atherosclerosis
2. Age
3. Diabetes
4. Smoking
   - chemicals

Question 19

What is the approximate pressure in venules?

Answer 19

16mmHh

Question 20

What is the approximate pressure of great veins near the heart?

Answer 20

4mmHg

Question 21

What does there need to be in the venous system in order to help move the blood back to the heart? (2)

Answer 21

1. Valves

2. Pressure gradient

Question 22

What is the pressure gradient a measure of?

Answer 22

The force of blood as it moves blood through the vessels

Question 23

What does the muscular pump do?

Answer 23

Squeezes the veins and propels the blood forward

Question 24

Where is the muscular pump more effective?

Answer 24

In the lower legs where powerful calf and thigh muscles can compress the soleus and gastrocnemius sinusoids

Question 25

How does blood like to flow?

Answer 25

From an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

Question 26

What kind of path does blood like to follow?

Answer 26

The path of least resistance

Question 27

What specific type of blood vessels store blood in the lower legs? (2)

Answer 27

1. Soleus sinusoids

2. Gastrocnemius sinusoids

Question 28

What is the action of the muscle pump?

Answer 28

Is to assist the one way valves

Question 29

Where are valves more plentiful?

Answer 29

In the lower extremities

Question 30

What is flow initiated by?

Answer 30

By cardiac contraction

Question 31

What is cardiac contraction further assisted by? (2)

Answer 31

1. Muscular contraction

2. Venous valve action