Week 6 - Lesson 1 (Part 1) Flashcards
Atherosclerosis
A chronic progressive disease that build up in the walls of arteries
- develops over time
What does plaque consist of? (3)
- Cholesterol and other lipids
- Calcium
- Large inflammatory cells
- macrophages
What is plaque?
Sticky yellowish deposits
What problems can plaque cause? (3)
- Protrude into the artery causing a partial or complete obstruction to flow
- Can rupture, causing a thrombus to form
- Weaken the wall and cause an aneurysm
What does atherosclerosis cause in the coronary arteries? (2)
- Angina
- severe chest pain - Heart attack
What does atherosclerosis cause in cerebrovascular circulation?
Stoke
What does atherosclerosis cause in the renal arteries?
Kidney disease
What does atherosclerosis cause in the aorta?
Aortic aneurysm
What does atherosclerosis cause in the peripheral artereis?
Leg claudication
What are the risk factors for atherosclerosis? (10)
- Smoking
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hypertension
- heart is working overtime
- increase blood pressure - Diabetes
- Obesity
- Family history-genetic predisposition
- Psychosocial factors
- Unhealthy diet
- Gender
- more common in men - Age
What happens with high blood pressure?
The heart is working harder to pump blood throughout the body
- they become scarred and hardened
Blood pressure
Is the force of blood flow against the walls
What is normal blood pressure?
120/80 mm/Hg
What does the nicotine and carbon monoxide from smoking do?
Damages the epithelium tissue
- sets the stage up for plaque build up
- second hand smoke can also do this
Hyperlipidemia
Elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood damages the epithelium
What produces the right about of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood that the body needs?
The liver
What is another place we can get cholesterol from?
Our food
What do most diabetics die from?
Heart attacks caused by atherosclerosis
HDL
High density lipoproteins
What are HDL also known as?
Good cholesterol
What does HDL do?
Maintains the inner walls of the vessel
- endothelium of blood vessels
What do HDL do with LDL? (3)
- Reduces
- Reuses
- Recycles
What is a good level of HDL?
> 60 mg/dl
LDL
Low density lipoproteins
What is LDL also known as?
Bad cholesterol
What does LDL do?
Deposits in walls of arteries and over time grows into plaque
What is plaque made up of? (3)
- Cholesterol
- Cells
- Debris
What is considered too high for LDL?
> 160 mg/dl
What are signs of a heart attack? (6)
- Chest discomfort
- pressure, squeezing, fullness or pain, burning or heaviness - Discomfort in the upper body
- neck, jaw, arms, back - Shortness of breath
- Sweating
- Nausea
- Light headedness
