Week 6 - Lesson 1 (Part 1)

Question 1

Atherosclerosis

Answer 1

A chronic progressive disease that build up in the walls of arteries
- develops over time

Question 2

What does plaque consist of? (3)

Answer 2

1. Cholesterol and other lipids
2. Calcium
3. Large inflammatory cells
   - macrophages

Question 3

What is plaque?

Answer 3

Sticky yellowish deposits

Question 4

What problems can plaque cause? (3)

Answer 4

1. Protrude into the artery causing a partial or complete obstruction to flow
2. Can rupture, causing a thrombus to form
3. Weaken the wall and cause an aneurysm

Question 5

What does atherosclerosis cause in the coronary arteries? (2)

Answer 5

1. Angina
   - severe chest pain
2. Heart attack

Question 6

What does atherosclerosis cause in cerebrovascular circulation?

Answer 6

Stoke

Question 7

What does atherosclerosis cause in the renal arteries?

Answer 7

Kidney disease

Question 8

What does atherosclerosis cause in the aorta?

Answer 8

Aortic aneurysm

Question 9

What does atherosclerosis cause in the peripheral artereis?

Answer 9

Leg claudication

Question 10

What are the risk factors for atherosclerosis? (10)

Answer 10

1. Smoking
2. Hyperlipidemia
3. Hypertension
   - heart is working overtime
   - increase blood pressure
4. Diabetes
5. Obesity
6. Family history-genetic predisposition
7. Psychosocial factors
8. Unhealthy diet
9. Gender
   - more common in men
10. Age

Question 11

What happens with high blood pressure?

Answer 11

The heart is working harder to pump blood throughout the body
- they become scarred and hardened

Question 12

Blood pressure

Answer 12

Is the force of blood flow against the walls

Question 13

What is normal blood pressure?

Answer 13

120/80 mm/Hg

Question 14

What does the nicotine and carbon monoxide from smoking do?

Answer 14

Damages the epithelium tissue

• sets the stage up for plaque build up
• second hand smoke can also do this

Question 15

Hyperlipidemia

Answer 15

Elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood damages the epithelium

Question 16

What produces the right about of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood that the body needs?

Answer 16

The liver

Question 17

What is another place we can get cholesterol from?

Answer 17

Our food

Question 18

What do most diabetics die from?

Answer 18

Heart attacks caused by atherosclerosis

Question 19

HDL

Answer 19

High density lipoproteins

Question 20

What are HDL also known as?

Answer 20

Good cholesterol

Question 21

What does HDL do?

Answer 21

Maintains the inner walls of the vessel

- endothelium of blood vessels

Question 22

What do HDL do with LDL? (3)

Answer 22

1. Reduces
2. Reuses
3. Recycles

Question 23

What is a good level of HDL?

Answer 23

> 60 mg/dl

Question 24

LDL

Answer 24

Low density lipoproteins

Question 25

What is LDL also known as?

Answer 25

Bad cholesterol

Question 26

What does LDL do?

Answer 26

Deposits in walls of arteries and over time grows into plaque

Question 27

What is plaque made up of? (3)

Answer 27

1. Cholesterol 2. Cells 3. Debris

Question 28

What is considered too high for LDL?

Answer 28

> 160 mg/dl

Question 29

What are signs of a heart attack? (6)

Answer 29

1. Chest discomfort - pressure, squeezing, fullness or pain, burning or heaviness 2. Discomfort in the upper body - neck, jaw, arms, back 3. Shortness of breath 4. Sweating 5. Nausea 6. Light headedness