Week 1 - Lesson 2 (Part 3) Flashcards
What are the functioning vessels?
The capillaries
What happens in the capillaries?
Blood gives up its nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and receives the waste products and carbon dioxide from the tissues
What factors influence blood flow? (4)
- Cardiac function
- Elasticity of walls
- Tone of smooth muscle
- Millions of branching vessels
What are the 3 layers of arteries and veins?
- Tunica interna
- Tunica media
- Tunica externa
- tunica adventitia
Which vessel is the tunica media the largest?
Arteries
How many layers are in capillaries?
1
What are 3 differences between arteries and veins?
- Veins can collapse
- arteries cant
- coaptation - Veins are more elastic
- more palpable - Veins are more lateral
How does cardiovascular disease affect the body? (4)
- Keeps the blood from circulating nutrients and disposing of waste
- Causes narrowing or hardening of the arteries
- Affects the function of the heart itself
- The oxygenation process is affected as the capillaries may not get sufficient blood
What can happen with impaired cardiac function? (6)
- Heart failure
- Heart attack
- Stroke
- Aneurysm
- Peripheral artery disease
- Cardiac arrest
What is the most common complication with the heart?
Heart failure
Heart failure
Heart can no longer function correctly
Heart attack
A clot in the coronary artery and it blocks the flow
- damaging or destroying heart muscle
What is a stroke caused by?
The brain not getting enough blood
What happens to brain tissue during a stroke?
It dies
Aneurysm
It is a bulge in an artery wall anywhere in the body and if it ruptures it will cause internal bleeding, or a clot dislodges and blocks an artery
Claudication
Leg pain while walking
Peripheral artery disease
Extremity muscles are not getting enough oxygen to perform during exercise
-leg pain when walking
Cardiac arrest
Sudden loss of function in the heart, breathing and consciousness
- blood stops flowing
What are the main symptoms of cardiovascular disease? (3)
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath
- Fainting
Heart arrhythmia
Abnormal heart beats
Cardiomyopathy
Heart muscle disease
What are 4 examples of cardiovascular disease?
- Damaged heart valves
- Atherosclerosis
- Coronary artery disease
- CAD - Hypertension
What occurs with damaged heart valves? (3)
- Stenosis
- Regurgitation
- Infection
Stenosis
Narrowing of blood vessels due to plaque
Regurgitation
Back and forth blood flow
What does infections affect? (2)
- Valves
- Muscles
- endocarditis and myocarditis
Atherosclerosis
Hardening of arteries
- buildup of plaque
What happens to the blood flow in atherosclerosis?
Less blood flows to the heart muscle
What can atherosclerosis cause? (3)
- Chest pain
- Heart attack
- Coronary artery disease
Hypertension (HBP)
Higher than normal force of your blood on the walls of the arteries
What happens if hypertension goes untreated?
It puts you at risk for a heart attack or stroke
Pathology
Study of a disease
- describes the abnormal or undesired condition
Pathophysiology
Seeks to explain the physiological processes or mechanisms whereby such condition develops or progresses
- functional changes associated with or resulting from disease or injury
What are 11 conditions and risk factors attributable to vascular disease?
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Chronic kidney disease
- Hypertension
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Family history
- Smoking
- Excessive alcohol
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Age
- Gender
