Week 3 - Lesson 1 (Part 1)

Question 1

Hemodynamics

Answer 1

Blood flow, motion and equilibrium under the action of external forces
-the study of blood flow or the circulation

Question 2

What does hemodynamics explain?

Answer 2

The physical laws that govern the flow of blood in the blood vessels

Question 3

What are the factors that influence blood flow? (10)

Answer 3

1. Cardiac function
2. Vessel compliance
3. Peripheral resistance
4. Tone of vascular musculature
5. Blood viscosity
6. Pattern of branching vessels and collaterals
7. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation
8. Exercise
9. Autoregulation
10. Respiration

Question 4

Vessel compliance

Answer 4

Being able to expand and contract with pressure changes

Question 5

Peripheral resistance

Answer 5

The ability for the vessel to change

Question 6

What happens to the peripheral resistance if the vessel dilates?

Answer 6

It will decrease

Question 7

What will happen to the peripheral resistance if the vessel is constricted?

Answer 7

It will increase

Question 8

Blood viscosity

Answer 8

The resistance of blood to flow

- how think the blood is

Question 9

If the blood is thick what will happen to the viscosity?

Answer 9

It will increase

Question 10

If the blood is thin what will happen to the viscosity?

Answer 10

It will decrease

Question 11

What does tone of vascular musculature help with?

Answer 11

Determining the diameter of the vessel

Question 12

Vasoconstriction

Answer 12

Increase in blood pressure

Question 13

Vasodialation

Answer 13

Decrease in blood pressure

Question 14

Autoregulation

Answer 14

Constant blood flow

- cerebral and renal vessels

Question 15

How does exercise effect blood flow?

Answer 15

The more active you are the more your body needs blood/oxygen and the faster it will flow

Question 16

What does arterial physiology depend on?

Answer 16

Cardiac status

Question 17

What is blood flow determined by? (2)

Answer 17

1. Blood pressure

2. Peripheral vascular resistance

Question 18

Heart failure

Answer 18

Cardiac output is insufficient to meet the needs of the body and lungs
- not longer works

Question 19

Valvular dysfunction

Answer 19

Valves fail to function properly

- prolapsed, vegetations, regurgitation

Question 20

Prolapsed

Answer 20

Is a condition in which organs fall down or slip out of place

Question 21

Vegetations

Answer 21

A mass that is caused by endocarditis

Question 22

Regurgitation

Answer 22

Leaking heart valves

- having some back flow

Question 23

What causes ischaemia?

Answer 23

Impaired flow to left ventricular muscle

- CAD

Question 24

Ischaemia

Answer 24

An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles

Question 25

Arrythmias

Answer 25

Irregular heart beat

Question 26

Cardiomyopathy

Answer 26

Problems within the heart muscle

- thickening and enlargement of chambers

Question 27

Heart beat

Answer 27

Rhythmic contraction of the heart

Question 28

Heart rate

Answer 28

The number of times that the heart contracts per minute

Question 29

Internal pacemaker

Answer 29

Sino-atrial and atrio-ventricular nodes that initiates the hearts own impulses to contract
- monitors the heart beats and initiates impulses to contract

Question 30

What is heart rate controlled by?

Answer 30

The autonomic nervous system

Question 31

What makes up the autonomic nervous system? (2)

Answer 31

1. Sympathetic system

2. Parasympathetic system

Question 32

Where does the sympathetic and parasympathetic system have the highest control?

Answer 32

In the centres in the brain

Question 33

What kind of fashion do the sympathetic and parasympathetic system act in? (2)

Answer 33

1. Balance

2. Reciprocal fashion