Week 1 - Lesson 2 (Part 2) Flashcards
Where are the papillary muscles located?
In the ventricles of the heart
What are the papillary muscles attached to?
The cusps of the atrioventricular valves
How are the papillary muscles attached to the cusps of the AV valves?
The chordae tendineae
What do papillary muscles do?
They contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves
Chordae tendineae
Cord like tendons
What do chordae tendinaea do?
They connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart
Myocardium
The thick muscular tissue of the heart
What part of the heart has the thickest myocardium?
The left ventricle
Is the myocardial muscle voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary
- striated muscle
What are the 3 layers of the heart?
- Pericardium
- Myocardium
- Endocardium
What layer is the myocardium?
The middle layer of the heart
What does the myocardium do?
It contracts to push out blood
What layer is the endocardium?
The inner layer of the heart
What kind of tissue is the endocardium?
Specialized endothelium
What layer is the pericardium?
The outer layer
What kind of tissue is the pericardium?
Connective tissue around the heart
What are the functions of the circulatory system? (5)
- To carry digested food from the small intestine to all areas in the body which need it
- To carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body
- To aid in the disposal of all wastes from the body
- To distribute heat
- To fight diseases by using white blood cells to fight off infection
What is the flow path of the heart? (13)
- SVC/IVC
- deoxygenated - Right atrium
- deoxygenated blood
- tricuspid valve is closed - Through the tricuspid valve
- Right ventricle
- deoxygenated - Through the pulmonary valve
- Left and right pulmonary arteries
- deoxygenated - Lungs
- gets oxygenated - Pulmonary veins
- oxygenated - Left atrium
- oxygenated
- mitral valve is closed - Through the bicuspid valve
- Left ventricle
- oxygenated - Through the aortic valve
- oxygenated - The rest of the body through the aortic arch, thoracic and abdominal aorta
How many pulmonary arteries are there?
2
How many pulmonary veins are there?
4
How many times does the heart beat per minute?
60-80 times
What are the 3 categories that blood vessels can be classified in?
- Conducting
- Distributing and collecting
- Functioning
What do the classification of blood vessels describe?
The purpose of the blood vessels
- arteries, veins and capillaries
What are 2 general examples of conducting vessels?
- Elastic arteries
2. Great veins
What are conducting vessels concerned with?
The task of conducting oxygenated, nutrient rich blood out of the heart and deoxygenated blood and waste products back into the heart
What are 4 specific examples that make up the conducting vessels?
- Aorta
- SVC
- IVC
- Common iliac arteries/veins
What happens to the arteries and veins as they course distally? (2)
- They change their composition
2. They change their task with blood
What happens to the composition of arteries and veins as they course distally? (2)
They become…
- More muscular
- Less elastic
What happens to the task of blood in arteries and veins as they course distally?
Distributing blood to and collecting blood from the tissues in varying states of oxygen and nutrient saturation
What do the collecting veins contain?
Valves
Why do collecting veins contain valves?
To prevent back flow
What do the muscular walls of the distributing arteries able to vary in?
The caliber to control the blood supply to the area or organ that they supply
