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BIO 301 Lec > Week 8 (exam 3) > Flashcards

Week 8 (exam 3) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 2 examples of fluid CT?

A

1) blood

2) lymph

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2
Q

What is the liquid portion of the matrix called and what are the 3 blood cells?

A

Blood plasma

1) Erthrocytes
2) Leukocytes
3) Thrombocytes

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3
Q

What are erthrocytes?

A

Red blood cells (RBC’s)

Human blood lacks nucleus

Most common cells

Thin interior (lighter color), thick edges

Primary job to carry oxygen with pigmented proteins

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4
Q

What is the pigments protein that carries oxygen in the blood?

A

Hemoglobin

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5
Q

What are leukocytes?

A

White blood cells

All about the body defenses

Less numerous than red blood cells

Usually larger than red blood cells

Have distinct nuclei often really weird shape

5 general kinds

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6
Q

What are thrombocytes?

A

Cells involved in clotting of blood

Human blood you won’t see them just fragments

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7
Q

What does thrombo mean?

A

Clotting

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8
Q

What are the fragments of thrombocytes you see?

A

Platelets

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9
Q

What is lymph?

A

Drained off of interstitial fluid

The tissue fluid that is being drained in this system is the lymph

97% lymphocytes (white blood cells)

Lymphatic system discharges in the circulatory system

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10
Q

What are the 2 basic nerve or neural tissue?

A

1) Neurons

2) Glial cells or neuroglia

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11
Q

What are neurons?

A

Nerve cell proper

Conduct nerve transmissions

Large and complex

Mercer reproduce after made

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12
Q

What are glial or neuroglia cells?

A

Perform variety of supportive functions for neurons

More glial cells than neurons

Dominant in nerve tissue

Brain or spinal tumors occur cause something goes wrong in these cells

Reproduce constantly

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13
Q

What are the 3 basic kind of muscle tissue?

A

1) skeletal muscle (voluntary)
2) cardiac muscle (involuntary)
3) smooth muscle (involuntary)

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14
Q

What is skeletal muscle?

A

Attaches to skeleton

When muscle contracts bone moves

Cells are very large

Cylinder look and many nuclei located on the edge of the cell

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15
Q

What does multinucleate mean?

A

Multiple nuclei

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16
Q

What is cardiac muscle?

A

ONLY in the heart

Striated

Smaller cells that branch with one nucleus

Act as if they were one

Have intercalated discs

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17
Q

What are intercalated discs?

A

Dark straining lines between cardiac muscle

Mark location of gap junctions
-move ions

Electrically interconnected with each other

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18
Q

What is smooth muscle or visceral muscle?

A

No striations

Identified by texture under microscope

Found in walls of internal organs

  • walls of blood vessels
  • walls of tiny air passageways in lungs
  • walls of digestive organs
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19
Q

What is the functions of the skeletal system?

A

1) support
2) ion reservoir
3) lipid storage of yellow marrow or white marrow
4) blood cell production
5) protection

20
Q

What is the support function of the skeletal system?

A

Structural framework for the attachment of tissues and organs

21
Q

What is the ion reservoir function of the skeletal system?

A

Stores calcium ions (Ca2+)

Need certain amount

Too much calcium ions get store in bone

If you need calcium ions you get it from the bones

22
Q

What is the lipid storage function of the skeletal system?

A

Fat composed of adipocytes

White marrow in younger people

Yellow marrow in older people

Medullary cavity

23
Q

What is the red blood cell production function of the skeletal system?

A

Occurs in red marrow

24
Q

What is red marrow?

A

Blood cells of all kinds are formed here

Not widely distributed in body

Found in epiphysis

Areas of spongy bone

Thrombocytes

25
Q

What are the 2 basic kinds of supporting CT in the skeletal system?

A

1) cartilage

2) bone

26
Q

What is cartilage?

A

Made of chondrocytes living in lacunae

Matrix is largely glycoproteins

Chondrocytes deprive from chondroblasts

Antiangiogenesis Factor

Covers with periochondrium

Rely on diffusion

27
Q

What is the glycoproteins cartilage matrix is?

A

Traps a lot of water

Makes cartilage resistant from compression (spring like)

Interlaced with collagen fibers

28
Q

What are chondroblasts in cartilage?

A

Most of matrix is produced here

Lays matrix and walls itself in and become chondrocytes

29
Q

What is antiangiogenesis factor?

A

No blood vessels

30
Q

What is periochondrium?

A

Covered with sheath of CT surrounding cartilage

31
Q

What are the 2 layers of the perichondrium?

A

1) dense CT

2) inner layer of chondrocytes

32
Q

What are the 2 ways cartilage can grow?

A

1) apposition always growth

2) interstitial growth

33
Q

What is appositional growth?

A

Occurs on the outside

Laying down layer after layer of new matrix around outside of cartilage

34
Q

What is interstitial growth?

A

Occurs on the inside of cartilage

Chondrocytes split into 2

35
Q

What do the gap junctions do between the osteocytes?

A

Transport waste of nutrients to one another

36
Q

What does the canaliculi do?

A

Transmit tentacle structure permitting osteocytes to communicate with one another

37
Q

What are the the 3 different kinds of bone cells?

A

1) osteocytes
2) osteoblasts
3) osteoclasts

39
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

Cells that create matrix

Transform into osteocytes after laying down matrix all around them

40
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

Break down bony matter

Responsible for process called resorption or osteolysis

Large multi nuclei. Ella

Creates ruffled border

Pump H+ lowering pH at ruffled border on to matrix (removes cement like material)

Cross crossing fibers in matrix

41
Q

What does the osteoblasts dump on the matrix and what does it do?

A

Collagenase

Enzyme that digests collagen

42
Q

What is a ruffled border?

A

When osteoclasts touches matrix and bone forms a scalpels edge called ruffled border

43
Q

What is the matrix of bone made of?

A

Mineral- hydroxyapatite (gives strength)

Collagen (gives resilience)

Need both

44
Q

What is hydroxyapatite?

A

Calcium phosphate with little calcium hydroxide

Gives strength

45
Q

What happens if hydroxyapatite was removed?

A

Bone would be flexible and would not be able to be walked on

46
Q

What happens if the collagen was removed from the bone?

A

Bone would shatter

49
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Bone cells that live in chambers

BIO 301 Lec (27 decks)

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