Lab Digestive System (exam 4)

Question 1

What is the oral cavity?

Answer 1

Mouth

Question 2

What do the cheeks do?

Answer 2

Hold food in

Question 3

What are the root teeth?

Answer 3

Teeth that root in

In maxilla and mandible

Teeth under gums

Question 4

What are the crown teeth?

Answer 4

Teeth above the gums

Question 5

What are gums also called?

Answer 5

Gingiva

Question 6

What do the salivary glands do? What are the 3 salivary glands?

Answer 6

Make saliva

1) submandibular
2) sublingual
3) parotid

Question 7

What gland is under/ in the mandible?

Answer 7

Submandibular

Question 8

What gland is under the tongue?

Answer 8

Sublingual

Question 9

What gland is below your ears and the biggest one?

Answer 9

Parotid

Question 10

What is the pharynx?

Answer 10

Back of throat where air and food passages cross

Question 11

Which pharynx is in the back of your nasal cavity?

Answer 11

Nasopharynx

Question 12

Which pharynx is in the back of your mouth?

Answer 12

Oropharynx

Question 13

Which cavity is on top of your larynx?

Answer 13

Laryngopharynx

Question 14

What is the esophagus?

Answer 14

Back of trachea

Tube where food goes down

Question 15

What is the lower esophageal/ cardiac sphincter?

Answer 15

Between esophagus and stomach

Not real sphincter

Question 16

What are the hills of the inner layer of the stomach called?

Answer 16

Rugae

Question 17

What is the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 17

Between stomach and small intestine

Real sphincter

Question 18

What is the first part of the small intestine called?

Answer 18

Duodenum (right side)

Question 19

What is the second part of the small intestine called?

Answer 19

Jejunum (middle part)

Question 20

What is the third and last part of the small intestine?

Answer 20

Ileum (left side)

Question 21

Where is the pancreas located?

Answer 21

End of stomach by duodenum

Question 22

What connects the pancreas to the duodenum?

Answer 22

Pancreatic ducts

Question 23

What is the opening called when bile ducts and pancreatic ducts connect to an opening that meets the duodenum?

Answer 23

Hepatopancreatic sphincter (sphincter of oddi)

Question 24

What is a liver lobule structure?

Answer 24

Microscopic part of the liver

Question 25

What is the hepatic artery?

Answer 25

Blood comes from here with O2 Red artery in diagram

Question 26

What is the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 26

From intestinal tract with nutrients Allows liver cells to process blood Blue structure next to hepatic artery or purple vein in the liver in the diagrams

Question 27

What is the bile duct?

Answer 27

Where bile is collected from bile canaliculi and drained Green tube thing on side of hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein

Question 28

What is a sinusoid?

Answer 28

Blood from hepatic artery and hepatic portal vermin drain Blue part in between brown things in diagram

Question 29

What are hepatocytes?

Answer 29

Liver cells Brown things in diagram

Question 30

What are bile canliculis?

Answer 30

Where bike is dumped and drained in Green things around brown cells in diagram

Question 31

What is the hepatic/ central vein?

Answer 31

Attaches to hepatic portal vein Blue thing on the opposite side of the hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein on the diagram

Question 32

What is the gall bladder?

Answer 32

Green ganglion looking thing in liver

Question 33

What is the sphincter called between the ilium and cecum?

Answer 33

Iliocecal sphincter

Question 34

What is the large intestine or colon?

Answer 34

Organ surrounding small intestine

Question 35

What is the cecum?

Answer 35

Circular structure of the large intestine

Question 36

What is the structure that is attached to the cecum?

Answer 36

Appendix (vermiform appendix)

Question 37

What is the left side part of the colon on top of the cecum called?

Answer 37

Ascending colon

Question 38

What is the top part of the colon called?

Answer 38

Transverse colon

Question 39

What is the right side part of the colon called?

Answer 39

Descending colon

Question 40

What is the white muscle that looks like a line called?

Answer 40

Taenia coli

Question 41

What are the folds/ hills of the colon called?

Answer 41

Haustra

Question 42

What is the part of the colon that makes an “S” shape and is all the way in the back?

Answer 42

Sigmoid colon

Question 43

What is the canal leading to the butthole called?

Answer 43

Rectum

Question 44

What is the butthole called?

Answer 44

Anal canal or anus

Question 45

What are the external anal sphincters?

Answer 45

Under rectum makes butthole Closes and opens butthole

Question 46

What is an enzyme?

Answer 46

Biological catalyst

Question 47

What does pepsin break down?

Answer 47

Breaks down protein into amino acids

Question 48

What does amylase break down?

Answer 48

Starch into glucose

Question 49

What does lipase break down?

Answer 49

Fats but only the surface

Question 50

What does the liver make?

Answer 50

Bile

Question 51

What is a substrate?

Answer 51

Reactant What chemical you start with

Question 52

What is the substrate for starch, fats and proteins?

Answer 52

Starch- amylose Fats- triglyceride Protein- protein

Question 53

What is the product?

Answer 53

What you end up with Substrate + enzyme

Question 54

What is the product of starch + amylase, triglyceride + pepsin and protein+ pepsin?

Answer 54

Simple sugar/ glucose 2 fatty acids and glycerol Amino acids

Question 55

What does optimal conditions mean?

Answer 55

pH or temperature enzymes work best at

Question 56

What is the optimal pH or pepsin, lipase and amylase? What is the optimal temp for all 3 enzymes?

Answer 56

Pepsin- 2 Lipase and amylase- 7 All 3- 98.6 or 37 degrees

Question 57

What is the indicator of amylase?

Answer 57

Lugols solution (starch) Benedict’s (glucose)

Question 58

What is the indicator for fat?

Answer 58

Litmus

Question 59

What happens with starch experiment?

Answer 59

Starch with lugols is black and blue because of starch Amylase treated with starch and lugols is yellow because amylase digests starch Amylase treated with starch and Benedict’s is red because there is glucose present from the amylase digesting to starch and leaving glucose

Question 60

What happens with the protein experiment?

Answer 60

Water and pepsin with egg in neutral pH is clear with no reaction because pepsin’s optimal pH is acidic (2) Water and pepsin with egg in acidic is foggy pH digests egg because it was is the optimal pH of pepsin Water and pepsin with egg in basic pH is clear because pepsin’s optimal pH is acidic not basic

Question 61

What happens in the fat experiment?

Answer 61

Cream plus litmus plus lipase is purple because there is fat present but lipase doesn’t digest it all Cream plus litmus plus lipase plus bile salts is red because bile salts help break down fat so lipase can digest it effectively Cream plus litmus plus bile salt is blue because bile salts by itself can’t digest fat