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BIO 301 Lec > Lab Digestive System (exam 4) > Flashcards

Lab Digestive System (exam 4) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the oral cavity?

A

Mouth

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2
Q

What do the cheeks do?

A

Hold food in

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3
Q

What are the root teeth?

A

Teeth that root in

In maxilla and mandible

Teeth under gums

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4
Q

What are the crown teeth?

A

Teeth above the gums

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5
Q

What are gums also called?

A

Gingiva

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6
Q

What do the salivary glands do? What are the 3 salivary glands?

A

Make saliva

1) submandibular
2) sublingual
3) parotid

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7
Q

What gland is under/ in the mandible?

A

Submandibular

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8
Q

What gland is under the tongue?

A

Sublingual

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9
Q

What gland is below your ears and the biggest one?

A

Parotid

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10
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

Back of throat where air and food passages cross

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11
Q

Which pharynx is in the back of your nasal cavity?

A

Nasopharynx

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12
Q

Which pharynx is in the back of your mouth?

A

Oropharynx

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13
Q

Which cavity is on top of your larynx?

A

Laryngopharynx

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14
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

Back of trachea

Tube where food goes down

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15
Q

What is the lower esophageal/ cardiac sphincter?

A

Between esophagus and stomach

Not real sphincter

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16
Q

What are the hills of the inner layer of the stomach called?

A

Rugae

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17
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter?

A

Between stomach and small intestine

Real sphincter

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18
Q

What is the first part of the small intestine called?

A

Duodenum (right side)

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19
Q

What is the second part of the small intestine called?

A

Jejunum (middle part)

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20
Q

What is the third and last part of the small intestine?

A

Ileum (left side)

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21
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

End of stomach by duodenum

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22
Q

What connects the pancreas to the duodenum?

A

Pancreatic ducts

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23
Q

What is the opening called when bile ducts and pancreatic ducts connect to an opening that meets the duodenum?

A

Hepatopancreatic sphincter (sphincter of oddi)

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24
Q

What is a liver lobule structure?

A

Microscopic part of the liver

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25
Q

What is the hepatic artery?

A

Blood comes from here with O2

Red artery in diagram

26
Q

What is the hepatic portal vein?

A

From intestinal tract with nutrients

Allows liver cells to process blood

Blue structure next to hepatic artery or purple vein in the liver in the diagrams

27
Q

What is the bile duct?

A

Where bile is collected from bile canaliculi and drained

Green tube thing on side of hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein

28
Q

What is a sinusoid?

A

Blood from hepatic artery and hepatic portal vermin drain

Blue part in between brown things in diagram

29
Q

What are hepatocytes?

A

Liver cells

Brown things in diagram

30
Q

What are bile canliculis?

A

Where bike is dumped and drained in

Green things around brown cells in diagram

31
Q

What is the hepatic/ central vein?

A

Attaches to hepatic portal vein

Blue thing on the opposite side of the hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein on the diagram

32
Q

What is the gall bladder?

A

Green ganglion looking thing in liver

33
Q

What is the sphincter called between the ilium and cecum?

A

Iliocecal sphincter

34
Q

What is the large intestine or colon?

A

Organ surrounding small intestine

35
Q

What is the cecum?

A

Circular structure of the large intestine

36
Q

What is the structure that is attached to the cecum?

A

Appendix (vermiform appendix)

37
Q

What is the left side part of the colon on top of the cecum called?

A

Ascending colon

38
Q

What is the top part of the colon called?

A

Transverse colon

39
Q

What is the right side part of the colon called?

A

Descending colon

40
Q

What is the white muscle that looks like a line called?

A

Taenia coli

41
Q

What are the folds/ hills of the colon called?

A

Haustra

42
Q

What is the part of the colon that makes an “S” shape and is all the way in the back?

A

Sigmoid colon

43
Q

What is the canal leading to the butthole called?

A

Rectum

44
Q

What is the butthole called?

A

Anal canal or anus

45
Q

What are the external anal sphincters?

A

Under rectum makes butthole

Closes and opens butthole

46
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

Biological catalyst

47
Q

What does pepsin break down?

A

Breaks down protein into amino acids

48
Q

What does amylase break down?

A

Starch into glucose

49
Q

What does lipase break down?

A

Fats but only the surface

50
Q

What does the liver make?

A

Bile

51
Q

What is a substrate?

A

Reactant

What chemical you start with

52
Q

What is the substrate for starch, fats and proteins?

A

Starch- amylose

Fats- triglyceride

Protein- protein

53
Q

What is the product?

A

What you end up with

Substrate + enzyme

54
Q

What is the product of starch + amylase, triglyceride + pepsin and protein+ pepsin?

A

Simple sugar/ glucose

2 fatty acids and glycerol

Amino acids

55
Q

What does optimal conditions mean?

A

pH or temperature enzymes work best at

56
Q

What is the optimal pH or pepsin, lipase and amylase?

What is the optimal temp for all 3 enzymes?

A

Pepsin- 2

Lipase and amylase- 7

All 3- 98.6 or 37 degrees

57
Q

What is the indicator of amylase?

A

Lugols solution (starch)

Benedict’s (glucose)

58
Q

What is the indicator for fat?

A

Litmus

59
Q

What happens with starch experiment?

A

Starch with lugols is black and blue because of starch

Amylase treated with starch and lugols is yellow because amylase digests starch

Amylase treated with starch and Benedict’s is red because there is glucose present from the amylase digesting to starch and leaving glucose

60
Q

What happens with the protein experiment?

A

Water and pepsin with egg in neutral pH is clear with no reaction because pepsin’s optimal pH is acidic (2)

Water and pepsin with egg in acidic is foggy pH digests egg because it was is the optimal pH of pepsin

Water and pepsin with egg in basic pH is clear because pepsin’s optimal pH is acidic not basic

61
Q

What happens in the fat experiment?

A

Cream plus litmus plus lipase is purple because there is fat present but lipase doesn’t digest it all

Cream plus litmus plus lipase plus bile salts is red because bile salts help break down fat so lipase can digest it effectively

Cream plus litmus plus bile salt is blue because bile salts by itself can’t digest fat

BIO 301 Lec (27 decks)

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