Lab Digestive System (exam 4) Flashcards
What is the oral cavity?
Mouth
What do the cheeks do?
Hold food in
What are the root teeth?
Teeth that root in
In maxilla and mandible
Teeth under gums
What are the crown teeth?
Teeth above the gums
What are gums also called?
Gingiva
What do the salivary glands do? What are the 3 salivary glands?
Make saliva
1) submandibular
2) sublingual
3) parotid
What gland is under/ in the mandible?
Submandibular
What gland is under the tongue?
Sublingual
What gland is below your ears and the biggest one?
Parotid
What is the pharynx?
Back of throat where air and food passages cross
Which pharynx is in the back of your nasal cavity?
Nasopharynx
Which pharynx is in the back of your mouth?
Oropharynx
Which cavity is on top of your larynx?
Laryngopharynx
What is the esophagus?
Back of trachea
Tube where food goes down
What is the lower esophageal/ cardiac sphincter?
Between esophagus and stomach
Not real sphincter
What are the hills of the inner layer of the stomach called?
Rugae
What is the pyloric sphincter?
Between stomach and small intestine
Real sphincter
What is the first part of the small intestine called?
Duodenum (right side)
What is the second part of the small intestine called?
Jejunum (middle part)
What is the third and last part of the small intestine?
Ileum (left side)
Where is the pancreas located?
End of stomach by duodenum
What connects the pancreas to the duodenum?
Pancreatic ducts
What is the opening called when bile ducts and pancreatic ducts connect to an opening that meets the duodenum?
Hepatopancreatic sphincter (sphincter of oddi)
What is a liver lobule structure?
Microscopic part of the liver
What is the hepatic artery?
Blood comes from here with O2
Red artery in diagram
What is the hepatic portal vein?
From intestinal tract with nutrients
Allows liver cells to process blood
Blue structure next to hepatic artery or purple vein in the liver in the diagrams
What is the bile duct?
Where bile is collected from bile canaliculi and drained
Green tube thing on side of hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein
What is a sinusoid?
Blood from hepatic artery and hepatic portal vermin drain
Blue part in between brown things in diagram
What are hepatocytes?
Liver cells
Brown things in diagram
What are bile canliculis?
Where bike is dumped and drained in
Green things around brown cells in diagram
What is the hepatic/ central vein?
Attaches to hepatic portal vein
Blue thing on the opposite side of the hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein on the diagram
What is the gall bladder?
Green ganglion looking thing in liver
What is the sphincter called between the ilium and cecum?
Iliocecal sphincter
What is the large intestine or colon?
Organ surrounding small intestine
What is the cecum?
Circular structure of the large intestine
What is the structure that is attached to the cecum?
Appendix (vermiform appendix)
What is the left side part of the colon on top of the cecum called?
Ascending colon
What is the top part of the colon called?
Transverse colon
What is the right side part of the colon called?
Descending colon
What is the white muscle that looks like a line called?
Taenia coli
What are the folds/ hills of the colon called?
Haustra
What is the part of the colon that makes an “S” shape and is all the way in the back?
Sigmoid colon
What is the canal leading to the butthole called?
Rectum
What is the butthole called?
Anal canal or anus
What are the external anal sphincters?
Under rectum makes butthole
Closes and opens butthole
What is an enzyme?
Biological catalyst
What does pepsin break down?
Breaks down protein into amino acids
What does amylase break down?
Starch into glucose
What does lipase break down?
Fats but only the surface
What does the liver make?
Bile
What is a substrate?
Reactant
What chemical you start with
What is the substrate for starch, fats and proteins?
Starch- amylose
Fats- triglyceride
Protein- protein
What is the product?
What you end up with
Substrate + enzyme
What is the product of starch + amylase, triglyceride + pepsin and protein+ pepsin?
Simple sugar/ glucose
2 fatty acids and glycerol
Amino acids
What does optimal conditions mean?
pH or temperature enzymes work best at
What is the optimal pH or pepsin, lipase and amylase?
What is the optimal temp for all 3 enzymes?
Pepsin- 2
Lipase and amylase- 7
All 3- 98.6 or 37 degrees
What is the indicator of amylase?
Lugols solution (starch)
Benedict’s (glucose)
What is the indicator for fat?
Litmus
What happens with starch experiment?
Starch with lugols is black and blue because of starch
Amylase treated with starch and lugols is yellow because amylase digests starch
Amylase treated with starch and Benedict’s is red because there is glucose present from the amylase digesting to starch and leaving glucose
What happens with the protein experiment?
Water and pepsin with egg in neutral pH is clear with no reaction because pepsin’s optimal pH is acidic (2)
Water and pepsin with egg in acidic is foggy pH digests egg because it was is the optimal pH of pepsin
Water and pepsin with egg in basic pH is clear because pepsin’s optimal pH is acidic not basic
What happens in the fat experiment?
Cream plus litmus plus lipase is purple because there is fat present but lipase doesn’t digest it all
Cream plus litmus plus lipase plus bile salts is red because bile salts help break down fat so lipase can digest it effectively
Cream plus litmus plus bile salt is blue because bile salts by itself can’t digest fat
