Lab Week 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cells are…?

A

Semipermeable

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3
Q

What is selectively permeable?

A

The cell decides what material will be allowed to cross the cell membrane and what cannot

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4
Q

Can cells be both semipermeable and selectively permeable?

A

Yes

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5
Q

What is dialysis tubing?

A

Stimulated cell membrane

Semipermeable

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6
Q

What is a phospholipid bilayer?

A

Basic molecular structure of all cell membranes

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7
Q

What limits what will move past the cell membrane and why?

A

1) size
- cell membranes have tiny holes, material that can go through are very tiny and big material cannot
- if big things want to go through they need special mechanisms

2) charge
- anything with a charge (ions) would find it difficult unless they have a special mechanism

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8
Q

Movement of materials through cell membranes follow what law?

A

Law of diffusion

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9
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Molecules and atoms that go from areas with a lot of them to areas with none or very little of them

Happens naturally

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10
Q

What does diffusion described as?

A

Concentration gradient

- goes from high to low

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11
Q

What is an even distribution of material?

A

Equilibrium (no more movement if this takes place)

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12
Q

What is osmosis?

A

An example of diffusion when water molecules going down their concentration gradient through semipermeable membranes

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13
Q

What are two conditions needed for osmosis?

A

1) water is diffusing

2) must be passing through semipermeable membrane

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14
Q

What is passive transport?

A

Osmosis and diffusion do this

When no energy is needed and it goes naturally high to low (the concentration gradient goes down)

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15
Q

What is active transport?

A

When cells move things across the membrane the opposite way, from low to high, needing energy because it is against the concentration gradient

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16
Q

What is diffusion and osmosis interested in?

A

Diffusion- solute

Osmosis- solvent

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17
Q

What is the osmotic pressure?

A

Force osmosis generates and if resisted at the same force osmosis stops

18
Q

What is hypertonic?

A

Solution has more concentration

19
Q

What is hypotonic?

A

Solution has less concentration

20
Q

What is isotonic?

A

2 solutions that are equally concentrated

21
Q

What is a cytosalt?

A

Water with stuff dissolved in it

22
Q

What happens in a hypertonic environment?

A

Water outside the cell has a greater concentration of solutes than inside the cell

Less water outside of cell than inside

So water leaves cell to go to the less concentrated area resulting in the cell shriveling up

23
Q

What happens in a hypotonic environment?

A

Water outside of cell has less concentration than inside the cell

More water outside the cell than inside the cell

So water keeps getting sucked into cell until it lyses

24
Q

What does lyse of a cell mean?

A

The cell blows up because it kept sucking in water

25
Q

Lysing if red blood cells is called?

A

Hemolysis

26
Q

What happens in an isotonic environment?

A

The cells are happy because inside and outside the cells are equal

No movement of water

27
Q

What is filtration?

A

Moving material through semipermeable membrane and spreading the material through size

Small particles pass while large ones do not

Always requires some time of force

28
Q

What is the force used in the human body for filtration?

A

Blood pressure

29
Q

What is calcium carbonate?

A

Chalk dust

30
Q

What is an osometer?

A

Demonstrates osmosis

31
Q

What is the indicator we used in the experiment that indicated starch?

A

Lugols solution

Or

Lugols iodine

32
Q

What is semipermeable?

A

Some material can cross the cell membrane others cannot