Week 6 (exam 2) Flashcards
What is diffusion?
Movement of material from high to low concentration
Goes down concentration gradient
How does diffusion happen?
Molecules move at random
Because of statistics
Continuous until equal number (equilibrium)
What is equilibrium?
Movement doesn’t stop when molecules are even they keep moving but cancel each other other out
What is osmosis?
Diffusion of water molecules going down the concentration gradient and through a semi permeable membrane
What has to happen to be considered osmosis?
1) has to be water moving
2) has to be going through semi permeable membrane
What is a solution?
Transparent
Mixture that is broken down
What is a solute?
Thing that dissolves
What is a solvent?
Thing that does the dissolving
What is the problem with osmosis?
Cares about what the solvent does
What is the problem with diffusion?
Cares about what the solute does
What is the osmometer?
Shows osmosis
What is the osmotic pressure?
Force osmosis creates
Push back with same force to stop osmosis
What two things can happen to stop osmosis?
Equilibrium
Pushing back the osmotic pressure
What is hypertonic?
More concentration
What is hypotonic?
Less concentration
What is isotonic?
Equal concentration
Appears the cell isn’t moving but water moves in and out of cell at equal rate
What is cytosol?
Liquid in cell with stuff dissolved in it
What is a shriveled up cell called?
Crenation
What is a cell that blows up called?
Cell lysis
What is hemolysis?
Blood cells that blow up
What is an ion?
Charged atoms or molecules
What is a cell membrane made of?
Phospholipid bilayer and protein
Anything with charge has a hard time getting through
What is an ion channel?
Integral protein
Has particular channel for different ions
What is a leak channel?
Channel opened all the time leaking ions in or out
What are chemically regulates channels?
Channels opened or closed depending on chemicals in the area using receptor proteins (ligands) to open channel
What is a voltage gated ion channel?
Opens up with particular charge that is around and certain charges cause it to close
What is facilitated (assisted) diffusion?
Diffusion process that carrier proteins assist with
Usually something that is too large to pass through the phospholipid bilayer
What is a carrier protein?
Always follows the law of diffusion
Changes shape and releases molecules in either direction (in or out of bilayer)
What is active transport “proper”?
Goes against concentration gradient
Uses ATP
Uses carrier proteins referred as pumps
What are carrier proteins referred as in active transport “proper”?
Pumps
What is the sodium potassium pump?
Goes from low to high
Forces sodium and potassium to go in opposite direction
Throws 3 Na+ out of cell and brings in K+ in the cell
Cells are typically negative because of pump
What is the counter transport or antiport?
Ex: Sodium potassium pump
Things are being moved in the opposite way