Week 5 (exam 2) Flashcards
What is a gene?
Sequence of nucleotides that codes for a particular protein
What is a central dogma?
Important sequence
DNA———> RNA———> protein
What are ribosomes?
Machine that reads messenger RNA and constructs a protein one amino acid at a time
What is a nucleus?
Center of every cell
Keeps blueprints (DNA)
What is RNA?
Copy of DNA
Leaves nucleus
Finds ribosomes, reads it and produces proteins
What is a transcription?
Copying nucleotides of DNA using complementary based pairs
What is a triplet?
Code for amino acid (every 3 in DNA)
What is the start triplet?
Start of the gene where it starts copying
What is the stop triplet?
End of the gene where it stops copying
What is the RNA polymerase?
It grabs the promoter than reads one nucleotide at a time making a copy of it
Grabs DNA to make messenger RNA
What is the promoter?
The machine that attaches itself into the gene
What is the active promoter?
Promoter that makes many copies
What is messenger RNA?
Complementary copy from DNA
What is a condon?
3 nucleotide amino acids for RNA
What brings the amino acid to the ribosome?
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
What is an anticodon?
It is the complimentary base pairs of the codon that is the complimentary base pair of the original DNA
Ex: DNA————> A G C
Codon———> U C G
Anticodon—-> A G C
What is the release factors?
Causes ribosome machine to dissemble itself and cut chain loose and becomes a knot
A long chain of amino acids become what?
A protein
What is a polyribosome?
Many ribosomes on a strip
What are cells?
Basic units of life
Smallest thing considered to be alive
What is a cell theory?
Basic understanding of the cell tested and examined