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BIO 301 Lec > Week 11 (exam 4) > Flashcards

Week 11 (exam 4) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brain when you’re a fetus?

A

1) prosencephalon
2) mesencephalon
3) rhombencephalon

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2
Q

What is prosencephalon broken into?

A

1) telencephalon (cerebrum)

2) diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus

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3
Q

What is rhombencephalon broken down into?

A

1) metencephalon

2) mylencephalon

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4
Q

What is a foramen magnum?

A

Separates brain and spinal cord

Above is brain

Below is spinal cord

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5
Q

What is the mylencephalon?

A

Medulla oblongota

Buried in white matter are nuclei or gray nuclei (little computers)

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6
Q

What does the gray nuclei in the mylencephalon control?

A

Cardiac control center

Respiratory Rhythmicity center (breathing)

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7
Q

What is metencephalon?

A

Pons and cerebellum

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8
Q

What is the pons?

A

Bridge connecting higher brain structures to cerebellum

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9
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

Coordination center

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10
Q

What is ataxia?

A

Damage to cerebellum

Loss of balance and coordination

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11
Q

What does pons have buried in it what does it do?

A

Gray nuclei that control the alternate rate you breath

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12
Q

What are the 2 centers that control the alternate rate you breath?

A

1) pneumotaxic center

2) apeneustic center

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13
Q

What is the mesencephalon?

A

Corpora quadrigemina

2 of each:

  • superior colliculi
  • inferior colliculi
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14
Q

What does the superior colliculi control?

A

Hand eye coordination

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15
Q

What does the inferior colliculi control?

A

Coordinating sound and movement

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16
Q

What is the diencephalon?

A

Structure that surrounds 3rd ventricle

Pineal body

Hypothalamus

Thalamus

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17
Q

What does the pineal body control?

A

Day and night

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18
Q

What does the hypothalamus control?

A

Body temp

Control center of homeostasis

Sleeping and waking

Pleasure and pain

Sexual responses

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19
Q

What is the telencephalon?

A

Cerebrum (cerebral hemispheres)

Has convolutions

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20
Q

What does the cerebrum control?

A

Conscious thought

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21
Q

What are convolutions?

A

Folds of surface on the brain

Gyri- hills
Sulci- valleys

Can predict hot intelligent a creature is but does not work on humans

Cats and dogs have many
Possum brains are smooth (not intelligent)

22
Q

What does the corpus callosum do?

A

Bridges both cerebral hemispheres

Send signals that sensations on the right side is from left side of brain and vise versa

23
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

Outer layer of gray matter

Lots of neurological activity

24
Q

What is the precentral gyrus?

A

All somatic motor activity

25
Q

What is the postcentral gyrus?

A

Somatic sensory

26
Q

What is the association area?

A

Part of brain when stimulated there is no observable effect

Interprets information

Coordinates motor responses

Feed into integrative centers

27
Q

What are the 3 parts of the integrative centers?

A

1) prefrontal cortex
2) speech control or Broca’s area
3) general interpretive area or wernickes area or gnostic area

28
Q

What does the prefrontal cortex control?

A

Human personality

Judges consequences of your actions

Last to mature 18-19 years old

29
Q

What is the speech center or Broca’s area control?

A

Only found on one side of brain where general interpretive area is

Regulates pattern of breathing when you speak

30
Q

What is the interpretive area or wernicke’s area or gnostic area?

A

Found on one side of the brain (usually left)

Interpret meaning of word combos

Connect familiar objects with their names

31
Q

Who is phineas gage? (Late 1800s)

A

Worked in the railroad

Got iron rod through prefrontal cortex

Was still smart but personality changes

Helped scientist figure out prefrontal cortex doesn’t have to do with intelligence

32
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A

1) Olfactory
2) Optic
3) Oculomotor
4) Trochlear
5) Trigeminal
6) Abducens
7) Facial
8) Acoustic or Auditory
9) Glossopharyngeal
10) Vagus
11) Accessory
12) Hypoglossal

33
Q

What is the rhyme?

A

On Old Olympus Towering Top A Finn And German Viewed A Hop

34
Q

What are the 3 groups of cranial nerves?

A

1) special sensory
2) somatic motor
3) mixed

35
Q

What are the cranial nerves in the special sensory category?

A

Eyes, ears, sense of smell

Located in head

1) olfactory (smell)
2) optic (sight)
8) acoustic (sense of movement, orientation and hearing)

36
Q

What are the cranial nerves in the somatic motor category?

A

Controlling muscles (conscious movement)

3) Oculomotor
4) trochlear
6) abducens
12) hypoglossal

(11) accessory)

37
Q

The extrinsic muscle of eye are what cranial nerves?

A

3) Oculomotor
4) trochlear
6) abducens

38
Q

What is an oblique?

A

Attaching from side on angle

39
Q

What does the cranial nerve abducens do to eyeball?

A

Abducts eye

Located on outer edge of eye

Lateral rectus muscle

40
Q

What does the cranial nerve trochlear control on the eyeball?

A

Trochlea (pull-like structure)

41
Q

What does glosso mean?

A

Tongue

42
Q

What does hypo mean?

A

Under

43
Q

What is under control of the hypoglossal cranial nerve?

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic muscle of tongue

44
Q

What does intrinsic mean?

A

Inside tongue

45
Q

What does extrinsic mean?

A

Outside of tongue that helps with tongue movement

46
Q

What does the accessory cranial nerve do?

A

Have somatic motor fibers

Part of vagus nerve

Considered mixed and special sensory

47
Q

What are the mixed nerves?

A

Both somatic motor and special sensory

5) Trigeminal
7) Facial
9) Glossopharyngeal
10) Vagus

(11) Accessory)

48
Q

What are the facial nerves?

A

Sensory has to do with taste (front 2/3 of tongue)

Motor control of face are facial expressions

49
Q

What is Bell’s palsy?

A

Inflammation to facial nerve (viral)

Symptoms can imitate a stroke

Drooping eyelid and mouth

Only one side droops

Loss of ability to taste from front of tongue

50
Q

What does the Glossopharyngeal nerve do?

A

Sensory and motor

Sensory- conducts taste sensations from back of tongue

Motor- pharyngeal muscles involved in swallowing

Pharynx- back of throat

51
Q

What does the vagus nerve do?

A

Travels long distances (brain to chest)

Sensory and motor going to heart, blood vessels and various internal organs

Sensory- Parasympathetic (slows down heart)

BIO 301 Lec (27 decks)

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