Week 11 (exam 4) Flashcards by MsBarb99 .

What are the 3 parts of the brain when you’re a fetus?

1) prosencephalon
2) mesencephalon
3) rhombencephalon

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What is prosencephalon broken into?

1) telencephalon (cerebrum)

2) diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus

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What is rhombencephalon broken down into?

1) metencephalon

2) mylencephalon

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What is a foramen magnum?

Separates brain and spinal cord

Above is brain

Below is spinal cord

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What is the mylencephalon?

Medulla oblongota

Buried in white matter are nuclei or gray nuclei (little computers)

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What does the gray nuclei in the mylencephalon control?

Cardiac control center

Respiratory Rhythmicity center (breathing)

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What is metencephalon?

Pons and cerebellum

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What is the pons?

Bridge connecting higher brain structures to cerebellum

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What is the cerebellum?

Coordination center

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What is ataxia?

Damage to cerebellum

Loss of balance and coordination

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What does pons have buried in it what does it do?

Gray nuclei that control the alternate rate you breath

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What are the 2 centers that control the alternate rate you breath?

1) pneumotaxic center

2) apeneustic center

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What is the mesencephalon?

Corpora quadrigemina

2 of each:

superior colliculi
inferior colliculi

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What does the superior colliculi control?

Hand eye coordination

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What does the inferior colliculi control?

Coordinating sound and movement

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What is the diencephalon?

Structure that surrounds 3rd ventricle

Pineal body

Hypothalamus

Thalamus

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What does the pineal body control?

Day and night

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What does the hypothalamus control?

Body temp

Control center of homeostasis

Sleeping and waking

Pleasure and pain

Sexual responses

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What is the telencephalon?

Cerebrum (cerebral hemispheres)

Has convolutions

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What does the cerebrum control?

Conscious thought

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What are convolutions?

Folds of surface on the brain

Gyri- hills
Sulci- valleys

Can predict hot intelligent a creature is but does not work on humans

Cats and dogs have many
Possum brains are smooth (not intelligent)

What does the corpus callosum do?

Bridges both cerebral hemispheres

Send signals that sensations on the right side is from left side of brain and vise versa

What is the cerebral cortex?

Outer layer of gray matter

Lots of neurological activity

What is the precentral gyrus?

All somatic motor activity

What is the postcentral gyrus?

Somatic sensory

What is the association area?

Part of brain when stimulated there is no observable effect Interprets information Coordinates motor responses Feed into integrative centers

What are the 3 parts of the integrative centers?

1) prefrontal cortex 2) speech control or Broca’s area 3) general interpretive area or wernickes area or gnostic area

What does the prefrontal cortex control?

Human personality Judges consequences of your actions Last to mature 18-19 years old

What is the speech center or Broca’s area control?

Only found on one side of brain where general interpretive area is Regulates pattern of breathing when you speak

What is the interpretive area or wernicke’s area or gnostic area?

Found on one side of the brain (usually left) Interpret meaning of word combos Connect familiar objects with their names

Who is phineas gage? (Late 1800s)

Worked in the railroad Got iron rod through prefrontal cortex Was still smart but personality changes Helped scientist figure out prefrontal cortex doesn’t have to do with intelligence

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

1) Olfactory 2) Optic 3) Oculomotor 4) Trochlear 5) Trigeminal 6) Abducens 7) Facial 8) Acoustic or Auditory 9) Glossopharyngeal 10) Vagus 11) Accessory 12) Hypoglossal

What is the rhyme?

On Old Olympus Towering Top A Finn And German Viewed A Hop

What are the 3 groups of cranial nerves?

1) special sensory 2) somatic motor 3) mixed

What are the cranial nerves in the special sensory category?

Eyes, ears, sense of smell Located in head 1) olfactory (smell) 2) optic (sight) 8) acoustic (sense of movement, orientation and hearing)

What are the cranial nerves in the somatic motor category?

Controlling muscles (conscious movement) 3) Oculomotor 4) trochlear 6) abducens 12) hypoglossal (11) accessory)

The extrinsic muscle of eye are what cranial nerves?

3) Oculomotor 4) trochlear 6) abducens

What is an oblique?

Attaching from side on angle

What does the cranial nerve abducens do to eyeball?

Abducts eye Located on outer edge of eye Lateral rectus muscle

What does the cranial nerve trochlear control on the eyeball?

Trochlea (pull-like structure)

What does glosso mean?

Tongue

What does hypo mean?

Under

What is under control of the hypoglossal cranial nerve?

Intrinsic and extrinsic muscle of tongue

What does intrinsic mean?

Inside tongue

What does extrinsic mean?

Outside of tongue that helps with tongue movement

What does the accessory cranial nerve do?

Have somatic motor fibers Part of vagus nerve Considered mixed and special sensory

What are the mixed nerves?

Both somatic motor and special sensory 5) Trigeminal 7) Facial 9) Glossopharyngeal 10) Vagus (11) Accessory)

What are the facial nerves?

Sensory has to do with taste (front 2/3 of tongue) Motor control of face are facial expressions

What is Bell’s palsy?

Inflammation to facial nerve (viral) Symptoms can imitate a stroke Drooping eyelid and mouth Only one side droops Loss of ability to taste from front of tongue

What does the Glossopharyngeal nerve do?

Sensory and motor Sensory- conducts taste sensations from back of tongue Motor- pharyngeal muscles involved in swallowing Pharynx- back of throat

What does the vagus nerve do?

Travels long distances (brain to chest) Sensory and motor going to heart, blood vessels and various internal organs Sensory- Parasympathetic (slows down heart)