Week 4 Flashcards
If there is a low pH is there more or less hydrogen?
More
If there is a high pH is there more or less hydrogen?
Less
What is the pH formula?
-log[H+]
What is the structural formula of water and where does the positive and negative deltas go?
H-O
|
H
Delta positive in between the hydrogens
Delta negative by oxygen
What is the H2CO3 stand for in H2CO3——->HCO3- + H+ ?
Carbonic acid
What is the HCO3- stand for in H2CO3——>HCO3- + H+ ?
Bicarbonate (base)
What is a steroid and what does it consist of?
It’s a hormone
Consists of 4 fused carbon rings
Virtually all enzymes are proteins?
Yes
What is fiburous proteins?
They create structure in human body (build things)
What is the monomer of the protein group?
Amino acids
What is NH2?
Amino group
What determines which amino acid is being drawn out of the 20?
R- the side group
2 amino acids linked together is called a what?
Peptide
What is the new amino acid bond called and what is the characteristics of it?
Peptide bond
Had characteristics of double bond
When amino acids keep linking to one another what is it called?
Polypeptide chain (basis of protein)
How many polypeptide chains are needed to form a protein?
1 or more
What are the 4 levels of structure of a protein molecule?
1) primary
2) secondary
3) tertiary
4) quaternary
All proteins have which levels of structure?
1) primary
2) secondary
3) tertiary
What is the primary structure?
Simplest structure
It is the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
What is the secondary structure?
When some amino acids are polar and they attach to one another like a magnet
Looks like a slinky
Or
Squiggles/ arrows
What is the slinky secondary structure called?
Alpha Helix
α Helix
What is the squiggle or arrows secondary structure called?
Beta Pleated Sheet
Βeta Pleated Sheet
What are motifs?
The shapes the secondary level forms
Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet
Form because they’re polar
What is the tertiary structure?
Putting all motifs (shapes of secondary structure) together
Like a big knot
All proteins have this structure
Each one is a subunit
What is the quaternary structure?
Different polypeptides put together
More than one tertiary structure out together
More than one subunit
What is a subunit?
Each knot from the tertiary structure
What are the 2 general forms protein takes and what are they?
1) fibrous protein- formed of strands and parts of your body is built of this
2) globular- compacted and rounded shapes
Enzymes and hormones that are proteins have this shape
Proteins don’t like when you mess with the environment by…?
Changing the
1) pH
2) temperature
3) ionic concentration
If the protein environment changes what will happen to the protein?
If it is changed tremendously the protein will stop working, change can shape, can unravel
What is the pH optimum or optimal pH?
pH proteins work best at