Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

The scientific study of biological structure (structure of living things)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is physiology?

A

Scientific study of biological functions (how living things work)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are atoms?

A

Building blocks of everything

Held together by chemical bonds forming molecules

Smallest unit of matter that can enter a chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are cells?

A

Basic building blocks of a loving thing

Smallest things that are alive

Organelle inside the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is tissue?

A

Group of cells working together to perform a particular function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an organ?

A

Consists of 2 or more types of tissue that has a particular function

Ex: heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an organ system?

A

Groups of organs that perform a particular function

Ex: digestive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an organism?

A

The living creature itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the different organ systems?

A
Integumentary 
Skeletal 
Muscular
Nervous 
Cardiovascular 
Respiratory 
Digestive 
Endocrine 
Lymphatic 
Urinary 
Reproductive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

Skin, nails and hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the skeletal system?

A

Bones and cartilage that give your body framework, protection and structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the muscular system?

A

The muscles of the body attached to skeleton and give conscious movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

Brain, spinal cord and nervous

One of the two major coordination systems of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart and blood vessels

Primary transportation of the body

Brings O2 to the tissues and takes CO2 away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the respiratory system?

A

Lungs and pipe work

Gas exchange

O2 in CO2 out through blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the digestive system?

A

Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

Major coordinating system

System of glands

Secrete hormones into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers

Message giving an instruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

Parallel circulatory system

Carry lymph NOT blood

Much of the immune system resides here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the urinary system?

A

Kidneys etc

Produces urine

Removes waste from blood, keeps water levels at proper balance and regulates salt concentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the reproductive system?

A

Reproduce offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the homeostasis mechanism?

A

The mechanisms to maintain homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 3 things all mechanisms of homeostasis?

A

Receptors

Control center

Effectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are receptors?
Sensors built in the body that measure everything Ex: body temp, O2 levels, etc
26
What is the control center?
The brain or spinal cord Doesn’t involve conscious thinking Involves a set point and if the set point doesn’t match the control center they send messages to the effectors to fix the problem The control center always compares info given by the receptors
27
What is a set point in the control center?
Ideal number something needs to be
28
What are the effectors?
Changes the environment to what the control center wanted
29
What is negative feedback?
Condition that is not optimal you negate the bad situation Works to change the bad situation Always gives you balance
30
What is positive feedback?
Very rare in the human body Always pushes you to some extreme very quickly Doesn’t balance you Snowballing effect Ex: labor contractions or a blood clot
31
What are body cavities?
Hollow spaces in your body
32
Thorax? Peri? Para?
Chest Around Next to
33
What is the mediastinum?
Cluster of structures in the center of the chest (thoracic cavity) Ex: windpipe (trachea) Bronchi Esophagus Thymus
34
What are the different head cavities?
Oral cavity or buccal cavity (mouth) Nasal cavity (in the skull) Paranasal sinuses or sinuses Orbital cavities or orbits (eye sockets) Middle ear cavity (b/n ear drum and skull)
35
What is the serous membrane?
A slippery fluid called serous fluid or Transudate
36
What are some examples of serous membranes and where?
Pleural membrane- surrounds the lungs Pericardial membrane or pericardium- around the heart Periotenal membrane or peritoneum- around organs of abdominal cavities
37
What is the anatomical position?
Front view with hands turned with palms facing forward
38
What is prone?
Laying on your belly
39
What is supine?
Laying on your back
40
What is pronation?
Turning hand down
41
What is supination?
Turning hand palm up
42
What is anterior or ventral?
Front of body
43
What is posterior or dorsal?
Back of body
44
What is superior?
Up towards the head
45
What is inferior?
Down towards feet
46
What is medial?
Close towards midline
47
What is lateral?
Further from midline
48
What is proximal?
Closer the the trunk of the body (head/ chest) Usually for arms or legs
49
What is distal?
Further away from the trunk of the body (head/ chest) Arms or legs
50
What is superficial?
Near surface of the body
51
What is deep?
Deeper in the body
52
What is the Sagittal section?
Follows the midline of the body creating a left and right side
53
What is the mid saggital section?
Right down the midline
54
What is the para saggital section?
A little more left or right of the midline
55
What is the frontal plane or coronal plane?
A right angle
56
What is the transverse section or cross section or x section?
Any horizontal cut in the body Side by side End up with a top and bottom piece
57
What is matter?
All substances in the universe that occupy space and have a definite mass (weight)
58
What are elements?
Substance that cannot be broken down into smaller parts by normal chemical means
59
What are subatomic particles?
Protons, neutrons and electrons what atoms are made of
60
What is a nucleus?
It is protons and neutrons with electron forming a cloud that orbits the nucleus
61
What is the atomic number?
Number of protons
62
What are daltons or atomic mass units (AMU’s)?
Units of weight used Protons and neutrons weigh 1 dalton Electron weigh much less and don’t count
63
What is the atomic mass?
Weight of an atom
64
What are isotopes?
You can have different versions of the same atom that differ only in atomic mass but behave the same way
65
What is radioactive decay?
When the nucleus of an atom comes apart and is unstable
66
What is radioisotope?
Isotope that experiences radioactive decay
67
What is a half life?
The amount of time before half of your sample is gone Always decays at a predictable rate
68
What is radio carbon dating or carbon 14 dating?
Uses isotopes of carbon that is unstable that takes thousands of years to decay Only used in human history Once you die the amount of carbon you have is it