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BIO 301 Lec > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

The scientific study of biological structure (structure of living things)

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2
Q

What is physiology?

A

Scientific study of biological functions (how living things work)

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3
Q

What are atoms?

A

Building blocks of everything

Held together by chemical bonds forming molecules

Smallest unit of matter that can enter a chemical reaction

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4
Q

What are cells?

A

Basic building blocks of a loving thing

Smallest things that are alive

Organelle inside the cells

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5
Q

What is tissue?

A

Group of cells working together to perform a particular function

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6
Q

What is an organ?

A

Consists of 2 or more types of tissue that has a particular function

Ex: heart

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7
Q

What is an organ system?

A

Groups of organs that perform a particular function

Ex: digestive system

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8
Q

What is an organism?

A

The living creature itself

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9
Q

What are the different organ systems?

A 
Integumentary 
Skeletal 
Muscular
Nervous 
Cardiovascular 
Respiratory 
Digestive 
Endocrine 
Lymphatic 
Urinary 
Reproductive
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10
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

Skin, nails and hair

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11
Q

What is the skeletal system?

A

Bones and cartilage that give your body framework, protection and structure

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12
Q

What is the muscular system?

A

The muscles of the body attached to skeleton and give conscious movements

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13
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

Brain, spinal cord and nervous

One of the two major coordination systems of the body

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14
Q

What is the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart and blood vessels

Primary transportation of the body

Brings O2 to the tissues and takes CO2 away

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15
Q

What is the respiratory system?

A

Lungs and pipe work

Gas exchange

O2 in CO2 out through blood stream

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16
Q

What is the digestive system?

A

Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

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17
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

Major coordinating system

System of glands

Secrete hormones into the blood

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18
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers

Message giving an instruction

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19
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

Parallel circulatory system

Carry lymph NOT blood

Much of the immune system resides here

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20
Q

What is the urinary system?

A

Kidneys etc

Produces urine

Removes waste from blood, keeps water levels at proper balance and regulates salt concentrations

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21
Q

What is the reproductive system?

A

Reproduce offspring

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22
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment

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23
Q

What is the homeostasis mechanism?

A

The mechanisms to maintain homeostasis

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24
Q

What are the 3 things all mechanisms of homeostasis?

A

Receptors

Control center

Effectors

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25
Q

What are receptors?

A

Sensors built in the body that measure everything

Ex: body temp, O2 levels, etc

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26
Q

What is the control center?

A

The brain or spinal cord

Doesn’t involve conscious thinking

Involves a set point and if the set point doesn’t match the control center they send messages to the effectors to fix the problem

The control center always compares info given by the receptors

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27
Q

What is a set point in the control center?

A

Ideal number something needs to be

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28
Q

What are the effectors?

A

Changes the environment to what the control center wanted

29
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

Condition that is not optimal you negate the bad situation

Works to change the bad situation

Always gives you balance

30
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

Very rare in the human body

Always pushes you to some extreme very quickly

Doesn’t balance you

Snowballing effect

Ex: labor contractions or a blood clot

31
Q

What are body cavities?

A

Hollow spaces in your body

32
Q

Thorax?

Peri?

Para?

A

Chest

Around

Next to

33
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

Cluster of structures in the center of the chest (thoracic cavity)

Ex: windpipe (trachea)
Bronchi
Esophagus
Thymus

34
Q

What are the different head cavities?

A

Oral cavity or buccal cavity (mouth)

Nasal cavity (in the skull)

Paranasal sinuses or sinuses

Orbital cavities or orbits (eye sockets)

Middle ear cavity (b/n ear drum and skull)

35
Q

What is the serous membrane?

A

A slippery fluid called serous fluid or Transudate

36
Q

What are some examples of serous membranes and where?

A

Pleural membrane- surrounds the lungs

Pericardial membrane or pericardium- around the heart

Periotenal membrane or peritoneum- around organs of abdominal cavities

37
Q

What is the anatomical position?

A

Front view with hands turned with palms facing forward

38
Q

What is prone?

A

Laying on your belly

39
Q

What is supine?

A

Laying on your back

40
Q

What is pronation?

A

Turning hand down

41
Q

What is supination?

A

Turning hand palm up

42
Q

What is anterior or ventral?

A

Front of body

43
Q

What is posterior or dorsal?

A

Back of body

44
Q

What is superior?

A

Up towards the head

45
Q

What is inferior?

A

Down towards feet

46
Q

What is medial?

A

Close towards midline

47
Q

What is lateral?

A

Further from midline

48
Q

What is proximal?

A

Closer the the trunk of the body (head/ chest)

Usually for arms or legs

49
Q

What is distal?

A

Further away from the trunk of the body (head/ chest)

Arms or legs

50
Q

What is superficial?

A

Near surface of the body

51
Q

What is deep?

A

Deeper in the body

52
Q

What is the Sagittal section?

A

Follows the midline of the body creating a left and right side

53
Q

What is the mid saggital section?

A

Right down the midline

54
Q

What is the para saggital section?

A

A little more left or right of the midline

55
Q

What is the frontal plane or coronal plane?

A

A right angle

56
Q

What is the transverse section or cross section or x section?

A

Any horizontal cut in the body

Side by side

End up with a top and bottom piece

57
Q

What is matter?

A

All substances in the universe that occupy space and have a definite mass (weight)

58
Q

What are elements?

A

Substance that cannot be broken down into smaller parts by normal chemical means

59
Q

What are subatomic particles?

A

Protons, neutrons and electrons what atoms are made of

60
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

It is protons and neutrons with electron forming a cloud that orbits the nucleus

61
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

Number of protons

62
Q

What are daltons or atomic mass units (AMU’s)?

A

Units of weight used

Protons and neutrons weigh 1 dalton

Electron weigh much less and don’t count

63
Q

What is the atomic mass?

A

Weight of an atom

64
Q

What are isotopes?

A

You can have different versions of the same atom that differ only in atomic mass but behave the same way

65
Q

What is radioactive decay?

A

When the nucleus of an atom comes apart and is unstable

66
Q

What is radioisotope?

A

Isotope that experiences radioactive decay

67
Q

What is a half life?

A

The amount of time before half of your sample is gone

Always decays at a predictable rate

68
Q

What is radio carbon dating or carbon 14 dating?

A

Uses isotopes of carbon that is unstable that takes thousands of years to decay

Only used in human history

Once you die the amount of carbon you have is it

BIO 301 Lec (27 decks)

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