Week 1 Flashcards
What is anatomy?
The scientific study of biological structure (structure of living things)
What is physiology?
Scientific study of biological functions (how living things work)
What are atoms?
Building blocks of everything
Held together by chemical bonds forming molecules
Smallest unit of matter that can enter a chemical reaction
What are cells?
Basic building blocks of a loving thing
Smallest things that are alive
Organelle inside the cells
What is tissue?
Group of cells working together to perform a particular function
What is an organ?
Consists of 2 or more types of tissue that has a particular function
Ex: heart
What is an organ system?
Groups of organs that perform a particular function
Ex: digestive system
What is an organism?
The living creature itself
What are the different organ systems?
Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Cardiovascular Respiratory Digestive Endocrine Lymphatic Urinary Reproductive
What is the integumentary system?
Skin, nails and hair
What is the skeletal system?
Bones and cartilage that give your body framework, protection and structure
What is the muscular system?
The muscles of the body attached to skeleton and give conscious movements
What is the nervous system?
Brain, spinal cord and nervous
One of the two major coordination systems of the body
What is the cardiovascular system?
Heart and blood vessels
Primary transportation of the body
Brings O2 to the tissues and takes CO2 away
What is the respiratory system?
Lungs and pipe work
Gas exchange
O2 in CO2 out through blood stream
What is the digestive system?
Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
What is the endocrine system?
Major coordinating system
System of glands
Secrete hormones into the blood
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers
Message giving an instruction
What is the lymphatic system?
Parallel circulatory system
Carry lymph NOT blood
Much of the immune system resides here
What is the urinary system?
Kidneys etc
Produces urine
Removes waste from blood, keeps water levels at proper balance and regulates salt concentrations
What is the reproductive system?
Reproduce offspring
What is homeostasis?
Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
What is the homeostasis mechanism?
The mechanisms to maintain homeostasis
What are the 3 things all mechanisms of homeostasis?
Receptors
Control center
Effectors
What are receptors?
Sensors built in the body that measure everything
Ex: body temp, O2 levels, etc
What is the control center?
The brain or spinal cord
Doesn’t involve conscious thinking
Involves a set point and if the set point doesn’t match the control center they send messages to the effectors to fix the problem
The control center always compares info given by the receptors
What is a set point in the control center?
Ideal number something needs to be
What are the effectors?
Changes the environment to what the control center wanted
What is negative feedback?
Condition that is not optimal you negate the bad situation
Works to change the bad situation
Always gives you balance
What is positive feedback?
Very rare in the human body
Always pushes you to some extreme very quickly
Doesn’t balance you
Snowballing effect
Ex: labor contractions or a blood clot
What are body cavities?
Hollow spaces in your body
Thorax?
Peri?
Para?
Chest
Around
Next to
What is the mediastinum?
Cluster of structures in the center of the chest (thoracic cavity)
Ex: windpipe (trachea)
Bronchi
Esophagus
Thymus
What are the different head cavities?
Oral cavity or buccal cavity (mouth)
Nasal cavity (in the skull)
Paranasal sinuses or sinuses
Orbital cavities or orbits (eye sockets)
Middle ear cavity (b/n ear drum and skull)
What is the serous membrane?
A slippery fluid called serous fluid or Transudate
What are some examples of serous membranes and where?
Pleural membrane- surrounds the lungs
Pericardial membrane or pericardium- around the heart
Periotenal membrane or peritoneum- around organs of abdominal cavities
What is the anatomical position?
Front view with hands turned with palms facing forward
What is prone?
Laying on your belly
What is supine?
Laying on your back
What is pronation?
Turning hand down
What is supination?
Turning hand palm up
What is anterior or ventral?
Front of body
What is posterior or dorsal?
Back of body
What is superior?
Up towards the head
What is inferior?
Down towards feet
What is medial?
Close towards midline
What is lateral?
Further from midline
What is proximal?
Closer the the trunk of the body (head/ chest)
Usually for arms or legs
What is distal?
Further away from the trunk of the body (head/ chest)
Arms or legs
What is superficial?
Near surface of the body
What is deep?
Deeper in the body
What is the Sagittal section?
Follows the midline of the body creating a left and right side
What is the mid saggital section?
Right down the midline
What is the para saggital section?
A little more left or right of the midline
What is the frontal plane or coronal plane?
A right angle
What is the transverse section or cross section or x section?
Any horizontal cut in the body
Side by side
End up with a top and bottom piece
What is matter?
All substances in the universe that occupy space and have a definite mass (weight)
What are elements?
Substance that cannot be broken down into smaller parts by normal chemical means
What are subatomic particles?
Protons, neutrons and electrons what atoms are made of
What is a nucleus?
It is protons and neutrons with electron forming a cloud that orbits the nucleus
What is the atomic number?
Number of protons
What are daltons or atomic mass units (AMU’s)?
Units of weight used
Protons and neutrons weigh 1 dalton
Electron weigh much less and don’t count
What is the atomic mass?
Weight of an atom
What are isotopes?
You can have different versions of the same atom that differ only in atomic mass but behave the same way
What is radioactive decay?
When the nucleus of an atom comes apart and is unstable
What is radioisotope?
Isotope that experiences radioactive decay
What is a half life?
The amount of time before half of your sample is gone
Always decays at a predictable rate
What is radio carbon dating or carbon 14 dating?
Uses isotopes of carbon that is unstable that takes thousands of years to decay
Only used in human history
Once you die the amount of carbon you have is it
