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Skin/ Musculoskeletal > Week 5 Fractures/US/Tissue Injury - Hoffman > Flashcards

Week 5 Fractures/US/Tissue Injury - Hoffman Flashcards

1
Q

Intramembranous ossificiation

A

mineralization of connective tissue

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2
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

mineralization of cartilage

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3
Q

Woven Bone

A

immature bone

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4
Q

Lamellar Bone

A

Mature Bone

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5
Q

Where are osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and fibroblasts derived from?

A

Pluripotent mesenchymal cells

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6
Q

Where are osteoclasts derived from?

A

Monocytes

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7
Q

Clinical Union

A

fracture site becomes stable and pain free

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8
Q

Radiographic union

A

plain radiographs show bone trabeculae or cortical bone crossing the fracture site

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9
Q

In which direction does maturation of the growth plate occur?

A

distal to proximal

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10
Q

Radiopaque vs. radiolucent

A

Radiopaque= relative impenetrability to x-rays

Radiolucent- relative penetrability to x-rays

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11
Q

Key principles of x-rays?

A

An x-ray is only as good as the history and physical exam!

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12
Q

Metaphysis and diaphysis

A 
diaphysis = long shaft
Metaphysis = diaphysis to joint
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13
Q

What is a fracture?

A

a complete disruption in the continuity of a bone = a radiolucent line on x-ray!

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14
Q

What are the indirect signs of a fracture?

A
  • soft-tissue swelling
  • obliteration or displacement of fat stripes (pad)
  • periosteal and endosteal reaction
  • buckling of the cortex
  • double cortical line
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15
Q

Advantages of ultra sound?

A
  • High resolution capability
  • Portability
  • Cost
  • real-time
  • radiation-free
  • Image not degraded by metal
  • expands diagnostic capabilities
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16
Q

Define musculoskeletal ultrasound

A

-use of high frequency sound waves to image soft tissues and bony structures for the purposes of diagnosing pathology or guiding real-time interventional procedures

17
Q

Frequency

A

MSK US 1-20 MHz

lower frequency = less detail, but can see deeper

18
Q

Acoustic impedance

A

resistance to sound waves

-muscle has less acoustic impedance. Bone has a lot of acoustic impedance (bright)

19
Q

Echogenicity

A

Hyperechoic- more reflection (brighter)

Hypoechoic- less reflection (darker)

20
Q

Doopler

A

detects flow - vascularity

21
Q

long and short axis

A

long axis- parallel

short axis- perpendicular

22
Q

Disadvantages of MSK US?

A 
Limited field of view
limited penetration
incomplete evaluation of bone and intra-articular structures
-lack of competency and oversight
-operator dependent

Skin/ Musculoskeletal (38 decks)

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