Week 4 Parasites-Zimmer Flashcards
Sub-Saharan Africa Nodules under skin Hyperpigmented skin Severe Itching Inflammation of cornea (can lead to permanent blindness)
Onchocerciasis (river blindness)
How would you treat onchocerciases? (river blindness)
Ivermectin: binds to and blocks glutamate-gated chloride channels
- effective against microfilaria
- little affect on adult worms (retreatment is required an annual intervals)
East Africa, Asia, Latin America
Ulcerative skin lesion with raised outer bordered
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (lives in macrophages)
Marked splenomegaly
Weight loss
Low blood cell count (WBC,RBC, platelet)
Visceral Leishmaniasis
How do you diagnose/ treat leishmaniasis
CDC involved! Microscopic detection
Treatment= Sodium stibogluconate/ Meglumine antimoniate (MOA not understood)
Often asymptomatic, but at chronic stage can develope myocarditis, megaesophagus and megacolon
Chaga’s Disease
Treatment for Chaga’s Disease?
Nifurtimox/ Benznidozole: induces oxidative stress due to inhibiton of NADPH -dependent dehydrogenases
*requires Type 1 nitroreductase to turn prodrug into active form
Chancre at site of bite headache/fever/swollen lymph nodes Muschle and joint aches CNS involvement Somnolence Altered gate
Africa Trypanosomiasis
How do you differentiate T. cruzi from T. brucei?
T. brucie multiple by binary fission in various body fluids/ bloodstream
How do you treat African Trypanosiamsis?
Suramin: inhibitory effect on enzymes of the pentose phosphate and glycolytic pathways
Asia, Africa, Western pacific, Caribbean
Lympedema
Elephantits
Hydrocele
Lymphatic filariasis
How do you treat lymphatic filariasis?
Diethlcarbamazine: arachidonic acid metabolic mathway of microfilaria
-kills microfilaria and some adult worms
Toxoplasmosis
oocyst from cat feces
mostly asymptomatic
Neutropic parasite, intracellular encystment in the host muscle and brain cells
-watch immunocompromised, and pregos
How do you treat toxoplasmosis?
Atovaquone
Sulfadiazine and pryimethamine
