Week 4 Muscle Paralytics- Trachte

Question 1

Botulinum Toxin

Answer 1

destroys components of the docking apparatus that are required for vesicle fusion in neurons that untilze acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter: PREVENTS MUSCLE CONTRACTION

Question 2

**Anticholinesterases (pyridostigmine, neostigmine,endrophonium)

Answer 2

Inhibits cholinesterases (reversible!) increase acetylcholine concentrations in the vicinity of the nicotinic receptor

Treatment for myasthenia gravis

Question 3

What activates a nicotinic receptor?

Answer 3

NICOTINE and acteylcholine

Question 4

d-tubocurarine, Mivacurium

Answer 4

Nicotinic receptor antagonist/ competitive blocker. Blocks acetylcholine from binding to nicotinic receptor
-used for surgery

Question 5

Dantrolene

Answer 5

block calcium-induced calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum by inhibiting the ryanodine receptor (in skeletal muscle)

-Action potential would stay the same!!! MOA would come after the action potential

Question 6

Nerve gases/ insecticides

Answer 6

• block acetycholinesterases.- (irreversible!)
• causes Ach to linger in synaptic cleft
• prolongs postsynaptic depolarization
• sustained exposure to AchE inhibitors causes desensitization
• post-synpatic cell fails to respond to ACh
• paraylysis

Question 7

**Toxicity of anticholinesterases

Answer 7

SLUDGE
sweating
lacrimation
urination
diarrhea
GI distress
emesis

Question 8

Succinylcholine

Answer 8

depolarizing agent, nicotinic receptor antagonist

Question 9

Malignant hyperthermia

Answer 9

• mutation ryanodine receptor.
• Can’t control levels of cytosolic calcium when given anestetics like succinylcholine
• show marked hyperbolic state (tachycarida, tachypena, muscle spasms)
• to reverse give dantolene which inhibits the ryanodine receptor and stops release of calcium

Question 10

Biotoxins

Answer 10

target VG Na+ channels results in paralysis