Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Skin/ Musculoskeletal > Week 5 Bone Pathology- Witrak > Flashcards

Week 5 Bone Pathology- Witrak Flashcards

1
Q

Define osteopenia

A

Generalized decrease in bone mineralization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a pathological fracture?

A

fracture through a diseased bone- usually refers to fracture through tumorous or tumor-like bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What molecule is required for MINERALIZATION of bone osteoid?

A

Vit D(OH)2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do you need for healthy bone?

A
  • Ca, P from diet
  • Vit D
  • good absorption in gut
  • Healthy kidney
  • Parathyroid functioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is the parathyroid important?

A

It is the master gland for Ca regulation and bone metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

A type of osteopenia due to bone atrophy caused by an imbalance of the bone remodeling process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who is likely to have osteoporosis?

A

POSTMENOPAUSAL/ SENILE women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens to PTH secretion in osteoporosis?

A

Diminished PTH secretion by parathyroid glands in response to hypocalcemic stimulus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the difference between secondary and common osteoporosis?

A

Secondary = often more treatable/ reversible causes (ex. hyperthyroidism).

Common = everything else, if its not secondary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Best prevention of osteoporosis? Predictor of risk?

A
  • maximize peak bone mass while teen/young adult
  • encourage weight bearing exercise and Ca supplementation

-Maternal hip fracture = strong predictor of risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who do anit-osteoporosis medications work?

A

Inhibit bone resorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is there a biochemical serum marker of bone formation and resorption?

A

NO! Not sufficiently standardized or studied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is primary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Hypercalcemia due to primary hyperlasia or neoplastic enlargement of parathyroid glands

-spectrum of bony changes!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is osteomalacia?

A

Decreased bone mineralization with excess osteoid due to interference with Ca, P, or Vit D metabolism

  • Radiologically appears osteopenic
  • may present with diffuse skeletal pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a common cause of osteomalacia?

A

Liver or renal disease (impaired hydroxylation of Vit D)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

Infection of bone

Can be:
Primary- from blood
Secondary- from other joint or soft tissue infection
Direct- compound fractures

17
Q

Most common cause of osteomyelitis?

A

Staph. Aureus

If sickel-cell then salmonella

18
Q

Clinical presentation of osteomyelitis?

A

Bone pain
erythema
swelling
fever/chills variable

19
Q

Best way to detect osteomyelitis?

A

bone scans/MRI scans better at early detection

20
Q

What is often associated with osteomyelitis in adults?

A

diabetic vascular disease

21
Q

Treatment for osteomyelitis?

A

AGGRESSIVE IV antibiotic therapy

22
Q

What is avascular bone necrosis/ infarction?

A

Bone infarcts due to ischemia of varring/often poorly understood causations

23
Q

Most common cause of avascular bone necrosis?

A

Prolonged Cortiocosteroid therapy

24
Q

What is Paget’s disease?

A

Deforming bone disease of middle-aged to elderly adults

-latent viral infection of osteoclasts in a genetically susceptible person

25
Q

What are the three phases of paget’s disease?

A
  • Lytic (inc. osteoclast with bone resorption, increased vascularity)
  • Mixed (inc. osteoclast and osteoblasts, increased vascularity)
  • Sclerotic- (osteoblastic phase, most characteristic radiologically)
26
Q

Clinical findings of Paget’s disease?

A

Usually asymptomatic

but may see WIDENING/bowing of long bones, general WEAKENING of affected bone, causing more fractures

27
Q

Biochemcial give-away of Paget’s?

A

increased serum alkaline phosphatase (sign of bone break down) typical for active disease with normal serum calcium

28
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

Congenital disorders of type 1 collagen

  • abnormal or not enough
  • insufficient/inadequate collagen for normal osteoid production
  • results in varying degrees of osteopenia/osteoporosis
29
Q

Classifications of bone tumors by x-rays

A

Osteolytic- demineralizing effect
Osteoblastic- increased bone density relative to normal bone
Mixed

30
Q

What would you think of if you saw purely osteolytic lesions?

A

Myeloma

Plasmacytoma

31
Q

Leukemia

A

By definition always affects bone marrow

32
Q

Where do tumors usually arise in long bones?

A

metaphyses

33
Q

Most common primary malignant tumor of children/ young adults?

A

Osteosarcoma

34
Q

Most common primary malignant tumor of middle-aged/oder adults?

A

Chondrosarcoma

35
Q

What is fibroma?

A

benign developmental defect
most common bone lesion
Found in 1/3 of children

36
Q

Ewing’s sarcoma

A

most leathal primary bone tumor

Skin/ Musculoskeletal (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions