Week 5 Flashcards
If the glucose of the abdominal effusion is 20 mg/dl or more points lower than that of peripheral blood, this helps to confirm sepsis. This is due to the bacteria consuming the glucose in the abdominal fluid. Another way of confirming sepsis is to do a fluid cytology, and, if bacteria are seen, this is strongly suggestive. Upper Gl perforations tend to have lower counts of bacteria and can sometimes be more difficult to confirm. Lower Gl perforations have higher bacterial counts and bacteria are more readily seen.
An elevated neutrophil count/toxic neutrophils suggest an inflammatory or infectious cause but does not confirm a septic abdomen.
An elevated temperature in this case could be due to inflammation or infection but does not confirm sepsis.
A urine dipstick is not a reliable means of checking for leukocytes in any fluid (including urine in some species) and would be of no value in
this case.
Dysecdysis or incomplete shedding is often due to low humidity, lack of abrasive substrates to rub against, or other stresses such as ectoparasitism, nutritional deficiencies, or other systemic disease.
Retained spectacles should never be forcibly removed because of the possibility of corneal damage. Increasing moisture in the environment by increasing humidity or by applying ophthalmic ointments to the eyecaps can often help.
This enzyme is the most liver specific in the cow, sheep, goat, and horse.
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Sorbitol dehydrogenase
Correct Answer
Explanation
The correct answer is sorbitol dehydrogenase (SH). AST can be found in muscle, liver and red blood cells. LDH is found in many places such as muscle, heart and liver. ALP is found in liver, intestine, kidney and bone.
What are the classical histologic findings in the liver with pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity?
Lipidosis, megalocytosis, and bile duct hyperplasia
Megalocytosis, fibrosis, and bile duct hyperplasia
Correct Answer
Microvascular dysplasia, fibrosis, and cellular vacuolation
Your Answer
Microcytosis, fibrosis, and lipidosis
Explanation
The correct answer is megalocytosis, fibrosis, and bile duct hyperplasia. This is a classic finding and you should commit this to memory.
The best choice from the options given is ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist. Inhibiting NMDA receptors can decrease pain wind-up,
decreasing this cat’s postoperative pain.
Acepromazine is a phenothiazine; it provides sedation, but no analgesia.
Alfaxalone is a water-soluble neuroanesthetic that has minimal to no analgesic properties.
Diazepam and midazolam are benzodiazepines, which are useful as anxiolytics, but not as analgesics.
Spaying is very important in decreasing the incidence of mammary carcinoma. Spaying prior to the first heat results in a 0.5% incidence of mammary carcinoma. A spay after the first heat results in an increased incidence of 8%. Finally, a spay after the second heat yields an approximately 24% incidence of mammary carcinoma.
Restrictive environments in pigs is most associated with tail biting.
A female cockatiel is presented to your clinic for lethargy and poor condition. A thorough history reveals that she has produced an egg every three days for the past 3-4 weeks. Which of the following drugs is used to help stop chronic egg laying in this bird?
X PGF2-alpha (Lutalyse)
Your Answer
Progesterone
Leuprolide acetate (Lupron) Correct Answer
Methylprednisolone (Depo-Medrol)
Explanation
Leuprolide acetate is a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH) analog and will shut down the production of reproductive hormones in birds, thus, will often stop ovulation in the laying hen. Female birds are capable of producing eggs (infertile) without the presence of a male, just as chickens do.
