Anesthetic Drugs Flashcards
List som examples of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists
Xylazine
Medetomidine
Dexmedetomidine
Detomidine
What is the MOA of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists?
Act on alpha-2 receptors to inhibit the release of nor-epinephrine/nor-adrenaline.
What are the side effects of Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists?
Sedation
Analgesia
Initial hypertension (d/t Vasconstriction) –> Reflex bradycardia, hypotension
Respiratory depression
Emesis (cats)
Can alpha-2 adrenergic agonists be reversed?
Yes!
Dexmed –> Atipamezole
Yohimbine
List some examples of Opioids
Fentanyl
Morphine
Hydromorphone
Butorphanol
Buprenorphine
What is the MOA of Opioids?
Opioids act on opioid receptors
Buprenorphine = pure mu agonist
Butorphanol = mixed agonist/antagonist
What are the side effects of opioids?
Sedation
Analgesia
Euphoria, Dysphoria, Excitement
Nausea
Inappetence
Can opioids be reversed?
Yes!
Naloxone, Naltrexone
List som examples of Phenothiazines
Acepromazine
What is the MOA of Phenothiazines?
Blocks dopamine receptors and reduces serotonin action
What are the side effects of phenothiazines?
Sedation
NO ANALGESIA
Hypotension
Decrease hematocrit due to splenic sequestration of RBC
Decrease sensitivity of myocardium to catecholamine-induced arrhythmias
Can phenothiazines be reversed?
No!!
List some examples of Benzodiazepenes. These drugs are mainly?
Diazepam, Midazolam
Benzos are anxiolytics and do NOT provide analgesia
What are some side effects of Diazepam?
Diazpeam can act as an appetite stimulant in cats.
Repeated oral administration of diazepam can lead to fulminant hepatic necrosis b/c drug is metabolized in the liver. This is more severe when administered orally due to first pass metabolism.
List some examples of NMDA Receptor antagonists
Ketamine
What is a side effect of Ketamine?
- Reduces “wind up” pain
- Causes hypertonia
Alfaxalone is what type of drug? This drug is mainly?
Water-soluble neuroanesthetic; it has minimal to no analgesic properties
What is a major advantage of using alfaxalone?
Minimal cardiopulmonary side effects
List the major effects of propofol usage
Vasodilation leading to:
1. Respiratory depression/apnea
2. Cardiovascular depression
What is the MOA of propofol?
Enhances GABA
