Antibiotics Flashcards
Name the drugs that fall under the category of Beta Lactam AB
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Name the spectrum of activity of beta lactam AB
Gram +, Anaerobes
Penicillins - limited gram -
Cephalosporins:
- 1st gen more effective against gram +
- 2nd and 3rd gen have better gram - coverage
List some examples of the following Cephalosporins:
1st gen
2nd gen
3rd gen
4th gen
1st gen: Cefazolin, Cephalexin
2nd gen: Cefoxitin
3rd gen: Cefpodoxime, ceftiofur
4th gen: Ceftazidime
What is a possible side effect seen when using Beta-lactam AB?
Occasional hypersensitivity can occur
Beta-lactam AB can be used to extend ?
The AB spectrum (Clavulanic acid)
Name the drugs included in the AB class Aminoglycosides:
Gentamicin
Amikacin
What is the spectrum of activity of aminoglycoside ab?
Gram -
What are some side effects of aminoglycoside AB use?
Nephrotoxic (use with caution in animals with renal disease or hypovolemia)
Ototoxic
Neuromuscular blockade
Name the drugs that fall under the category of Fluoroquinolone AB
Enrofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Marbofloxacin
Orbifloxacin
Difloxacin
Name the spectrum of activity of Fluoroquinolone AB
Gram -
What are some side effects of Fluoroquniolone AB use?
Cartilage damage in young animals
Name the drugs that fall under the category of tetracycline AB
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Name the spectrum of activity of tetracycline AB
Gram Positive
Gram Negative
Anaerobes
Ehrlichia
Anaplasma
Rickettisial orgranisms
DOC for Borellia
What are some side effects of tetracycline AB use?
Nephrotoxic
Discoloration of Teeth
GI Upset
Name the drugs that fall under the category of Trimethoprim/ Sulfonamides AB
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Name the spectrum of activity of Trimethoprim/ Sulfonamides AB
Gram Positive
Gram Negative
Anaerobes
What are some side effects of Trimethoprim/ Sulfonamides AB use?
Highly lipid soluble, distributes through the body well
List the spectrum of activity of Chloramphenicol AB
Gram Positive
Gram Negative
Anaerobes
What are some of the side effects of Chloramphenicol AB ?
Highly lipid, soluble, distributes through body well.
Bone marrow depression can occur in humans who come into direct contact with drug
Name some examples of AB that fall under the class of Lincosamides
Lincomysin
Clindamycin
List the spectrum of activity of Lincosamide AB
Gram Positive
Anaerobes
What are some of the side effects of Lincosamide AB?
Do not use in horses
Name some examples of AB that fall under the class of Macrolide AB
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Tilmicosin
List the spectrum of activity of macrolide AB
Gram Positive
Anaerobes
What are some of the side effects of macrolide AB?
Highly lipid soluble
distributes throughout
body well
What is the spectrum of activity of Vancomycin?
Gram Positive
What are some of the side effects of Vancomycin?
Limit to organism resistant to other antimicrobials
What is the spectrum of activity of Rifampin?
Gram Positive
What are some of the side effects of Rifampin?
Main indication is R. equi pneumonia in foals
What is the spectrum of activity of Metronidazole?
Anaerobes
Protozoa
What are some of the side effects of Metronidazole?
Can have neurologic sides effects (weakness ataxia, vestibular signs), anorexia
