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ICVA Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q
A

Answer: C

Got incorrect; was between B and C; CHANGED MY ANSWER

Griseofulvin causes significant bone marrow suppression –> pancytopenia.

Also, do not use in pregnant queens or FIV or FeLV + cats.

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2
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Answer: C

Got correct but was unsure

Main risk of pneumovagina is endometritis and urovagina (urine pooling in the vagina).

Tx: Caslick’s procedure

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3
Q
A

Answer: E

Might have gotten incorrect. I think I put D because it said that it was getting worse.

Dermatophytosis is self-limiting and is usually not treated in large animals.

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4
Q
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Answer: D

Got incorrect; put C

Peritonitis and bowl perforation

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5
Q
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Answer: E

Got correct but was worried it was Cytauxzoon felis

Cytauxzoon felis:
- Protozoal oragnism
- Transmitted via tick bites
- Non-specific clinical signs
- Main c/s: marked pyrexia, icterus, cranial organomegaly.
- Major lab findings: Thrombocytopenic, pancytopenic
- Tx: Atovaquone + azithromycin, fluids, heparin, supportive care.
- Prognosis: Grave

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6
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A

Answer: C

Got incorrect; was torn between A and C

A body condition score (BCS) of 8/9, indicating obesity, which is a significant risk factor for diabetes mellitus in cats.

Cholangiohepatitis is inflammation of the biliary system and liver parenchyma.
- Etiology: Autoimmune or triggered by underlying infection (pancreatitis, IBD), or neoplasia.
- Main tx: Prednisolone, Ursodiol, liver protectants, antifibrotics, +/- SAMe, Vitamin E

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7
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Answer: A

Got correct but was unsure

The clinical signs of lameness, swollen joints, and purulent exudate in 3-week-old broilers are highly suggestive of infectious synovitis caused by Mycoplasma synoviae.

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8
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Got incorrect

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9
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Answer: D

Got correct but was unsure. Knew it was parasitism but was worried it was too “simple” of an answer. Putting here to reinforce

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10
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Answer: D

Got correct but was unsure. Knew fatty diet + anorexia –> overwhelms liver.

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11
Q
A

Answer: C

Got correct but was unsure.

Dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) often suffer from vitamin B₁₂ (cobalamin) deficiency due to malabsorption.

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12
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Answer: D

DO NOT BE FOOLED - THIS IS HCM

Remember that HCM is a disease of diastolic dysfunction but you will hear a murmur in systole

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13
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Answer: C

Got correct but was unsure.

The signs of drooping of the ear and lip, excessive drooling, and an inability to stimulate the palpebral reflex on the left side suggest damage to the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). Otitis media, an infection of the middle ear, is a common cause of facial nerve paralysis in dogs, particularly in predisposed breeds like Cocker Spaniels.

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14
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Answer: D

Salmonella Dublin is a host-adapted strain in cattle and is primarily spread by infected cows, particularly asymptomatic carriers.

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15
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Answer: E

Got correct but was unsure

Urinary catheterization is a common procedure that can lead to iatrogenic infections in cats, particularly urinary tract infections (UTIs). Cats have a sensitive urinary tract, and introducing a catheter can cause bacterial contamination, irritation, and ascending infections.

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16
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Unclear what the answer is. Emailed to find out

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17
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Unclear what the answer is. Emailed to find out

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18
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Answer: A

Got correct but was unsure. Putting here to reinforce

The chronic nasal dermatosis in a Collie-cross breed raises suspicion for discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), an autoimmune disease that frequently affects the nasal planum. The lesion is characterized by depigmentation, erythema, and ulceration of the nose, which aligns with the image provided.

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19
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The signs described in the postmortem examination — joint enlargement, pannus with purulent material in the joints, and umbilical enlargement with purulent material — are suggestive of septic arthritis and omphalitis (navel ill). These conditions are often caused by bacterial infections, particularly Arcanobacterium pyogenes or E. coli, which can enter the body through the umbilicus and cause widespread infection, including septic arthritis.

Given the situation where piglets are being sent to the nursery with these issues, the most appropriate management to prevent these signs in future litters is:

C) Dip the umbilical cords of all piglets in iodine at birth.

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20
Q
A

Answer: B

Got correct but was unsure

C. jejuni can be transmitted via Poultry and Other Meats; raw milk,
untreated water, clams

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21
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Answer: C

Got correct but was unsure

Virulent hog cholera (classical swine fever) is characterized by widespread hemorrhages in the lymph nodes, kidneys, spleen, and other visceral organs. The most pathognomonic postmortem finding includes “petechial hemorrhages” in lymph nodes, particularly in the renal cortex and spleen, as well as button ulcers in the colon during chronic infections.

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22
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Answer: D

Got incorrect

Salmonellosis, exhibiting diarrhea that is loose, foamy, and foul-smelling, which is highly characteristic of Salmonella infections. Salmonellosis is also more likely to present as an outbreak affecting multiple calves in a group, as described here.

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23
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Answer: D

Got correct but was unsure

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24
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Answer: C

Got correct; literally had no idea what answer choice A and D were??

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25
Lung pattern descriptions
Alveolar: Characterized by "cloudy" lungs with loss of detail and air bronchograms, often due to fluid or cell accumulation (e.g., pneumonia, edema). Bronchial: Features thickened bronchial walls, leading to prominent airway markings (e.g., chronic bronchitis, asthma). Interstitial: Appears as a more diffuse or nodular lung pattern, indicating changes in the lung's supporting tissue (e.g., fibrosis, interstitial pneumonia).
26
Answer: B Got correct but FULLY guessed that Congenital deafness in dogs is strongly associated with coat color patterns that include merle or extensive white pigmentation. The blue merle color results from the merle gene (M locus), which causes irregular depigmentation in the coat and affects melanocytes in the inner ear.
27
Answer: C Got correct but just want to reinforce. White coat color combined with blue eyes is strongly associated with congenital deafness. This condition is due to the absence of melanocytes in the cochlea, which are essential for normal hearing function.
28
Answer: B I think I got this incorrect and put A? But looking back at this, my first step would want to be a CBC/Chem and a UA with the UA I guess being the most important b/c you want to see if there is blood in the urine. So I guess that would be B?
29
Answer: A Got incorrect; put D but looking back that makes no sense. If they treated for bacterial pnuemonia and it did not work then they should try for parasitic pneumonia. Administer a broad spectrum antihelminthic, intermittent cough, thin body condition, tachypnea, and widespread rales and wheezes are highly suggestive of parasitic bronchitis caused by lungworm infection (Dictyocaulus viviparus) in cattle.
30
Answer: B Got incorrect; was between B and C
31
Answer" B Got incorrect b/c it says "right shoulder is extended". UAP = elbow, OCD = shoulder
32
Gestation lengths across species 1. Horses 2. Cows 3. Pigs 4. Chinchilla 5. Sheep + Goats 6. Dogs + Cats 7. Guinea pig 8. Ferrets 9. Rats
1. Horses = ~ 330-340 days (almost a year) 2. Cows = 280 days 3. Pigs = 115 days 4. Chinchilla = 112 days 5. Sheep + Goats = 5 months 6. Dogs + Cats = ~ 65-70 days 7. Guinea pig = 59-72 days 8. Ferrets = 40 days 9. Rats = 20 days
33
Answer: A Got correct but was unsure
34
Unclear as to what the answer choice is
35
Answer: C Got correct but was unsure
36
Answer: A Got correct but was unsure!
37
Unilateral epiphora in a horse is often due to a blockage or partial obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct.
38
Answer: B Got correct but was unsure! Enteroplication is the surgical procedure in which sections of the small intestine are sutured together to prevent them from sliding into one another, which is essentially what happens in intussusception.
39
Answer: B Got correct but always have trouble with EVA so wanted to reinforce. Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) is caused by the equine arteritis virus (EAV), which primarily affects horses and can cause a variety of clinical signs. The key features in this case—depression, anorexia, epiphora (watery eyes), edema of the lower legs, and supraorbital edema—are consistent with EVA, especially considering the involvement of multiple horses on the same farm, which points to a contagious viral infection.
40
Answer: B Got incorrect. I was between A and B but looking back B makes more sense because even if it only reached insects via the bloodstream they could just bite and fly away.
41
Answer: C Got incorrect; chose answer D. Forgot that fungal activity is highest at the periphery of the lesion, not the center. This rule also applies for bacterial culture.
42
Answer: E Got correct but was unsure. Treat with Piroxicam (NSAID) and Chemo - Vinblastine (works the best) OR mitoxantrone OR carboplatin
43
Answer: A Got correct but was unsure!
44
Answer: E Got incorrect; chose B? i think?
45
Answer: C Got incorrect; chose B
46
Answer: C Got correct but was unsure
47
Answer: B Got correct but was unsure! The clinical findings of weak, underweight lambs, stillbirths, generalized alopecia, and enlarged areas in the throat region (goiter) are pathognomonic for iodine deficiency.
48
Answer: C Got incorrect; had no idea what they were asking The markedly elevated lymphocyte count (45,320 cells/µL) with the majority of lymphocytes being mature is characteristic of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
49
Answer: E Got correct but want to reinforce
50
Answer: D Got correct but want to reinforce This 7-day-old steer shows jugular venous distention, pitting edema over the brisket, and a grade V/VI murmurloudest over the right fifth intercostal space. These findings are consistent with congenital heart disease, most likely a ventricular septal defect (VSD
51
Answer: D Got correct but was unsure Culicoides gnats, also known as "no-see-ums" or biting midges, are most active during dusk, night, and dawn. They tend to rest during daylight hours and are least active in bright sunlight.
52
Answer: C Got correct but want to reinforce
53
In the bitch, cystic hyperplasia/pyometra is most likely associated with which of the following? A Pituitary-ovary-uterus endocrine dysfunction B) Regression of corpus luteum C) Retained placenta D) Venereal spread E) Viral infection
Answer: B Got correct but was unsure Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) and pyometra in the bitch are most commonly associated with the prolonged influence of progesterone produced by the corpus luteum following estrus.
54
Answer: C Got incorrect; I knew this was masticatory myositis but I thought they wanted a muscle relaxant to help relax the muscles of the jaw?
55
Answer: A Remember: L4 - caudal spinal chord lesions are LMN to the hindlimbs with normal FL LMN signs are characterized by normal or abnormal CPs (in cases of severe lesions), neurogenic muscle atrophy, weakness, ataxia, hypotonia
56
Answer: D Dumb mistake!! Got incorrect !! This is haemonchus contortus!!
57
Answer: B Got correct but wanted to reinforce
58
Answer: A Got correct but want to reinforce Bethanechol: Increases the contractility of the detrusor muscle, helping the bladder empty more effectively. This is particularly useful for detrusor atony, where the detrusor muscle is weak or unresponsive, causing difficulty in bladder emptying. Phenylpropanolamine: increases sphincter tone (constriction of the urethral sphincter). It is helpful for conditions like urinary incontinence, where the sphincter is weak or unable to hold urine.
59
Answer: C Got correct but was unsure. A positive ELISA test for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in a 6-week-old kitten is likely due to the presence of maternal antibodies rather than active infection. Kittens can acquire antibodies from their FIV-positive queens, which can persist in their circulation for up to 6 months.
60
Answer: C Got correct but was unsure High pcv is a clue
61
Answer: B Got correct but was unsure!
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Answer: A Got correct but was unsure
63
Answer: C got incorrect
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Answer: B Got correct but was unsure!
65
Answer: B Got incorrect
66
Answer: C Got correct but was unsure
67
Answer: C Got correct but was unsure b/c when studying I studied it as small colon or transverse colon. Phytobezoars: Formed from indigestible plant material; they usually occur in the stomach or small intestine. Enteroliths: Composed of minerals (primarily magnesium ammonium phosphate), which form around a nidus in alkaline conditions. They are most commonly found in the large colon but may also develop in the cecum.
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Answer: C I thought it was D - but that would be a post-op complication
69
Answer: C Got incorrect
70
Answer: A Got incorrect; this is cholangiohepatitis
71
Answer: C Got correct but was unsure! Monoclonal gammopathy refers to the production of a single type of immunoglobulin, typically resulting from neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells or B-lymphocytes.
72
Answer: E Got incorrect b/c chose LRS. Apparently for gastric Cl- and K+ loss choose 0.9% Saline.
73
Answer: C Got correct but want to reinforce
74
Answer: E Got incorrect Atypical interstitial pneumonia (AIP) in cattle is a non-infectious condition typically associated with inhaling certain toxins, such as those found in moldy or dusty hay, or other environmental factors. The management of this condition often focuses on reducing further exposure to the causative agents (e.g., restricting pasture grazing or removing contaminated feed) and providing supportive therapy, which may include corticosteroids to reduce inflammation in the lungs.
75
Answer: B Got correct but be mindful that atopy can also affect the ear margins as well but the description here is classic for scabies. Atopy: Peri-ocular skin, interdigital areas, axillae, ventral abdomen, +/- ear margins Scabies: Ventral abdomen, ear margins, elbows Cheylitiella: backs, necks, and rumps, Dermatophytosis: periorbital, face, limbs, feet Food allergy: generalized?
76
Answer: A Got incorrect Thought it was parturient mare but apparently it is very rare in adults
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Answer: E Got incorrect - Did not know!
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Answer: C Got correct but was unsure!
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Answer: A Got correct but was unsure
80
Answer: C Got incorrect
81
Answer: D
82
Answer: B To check for Hgb or bilirubin in the urine
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