VIN Class 1 - Assorted Topics Flashcards
Answer: A
This is Giardia!
Giardia cysts are IMMEDIATELY infective upon excretion.
Diagnosis:
1. Trophozoites: direct fecal smear
2. Cysts: zinc sulfate fecal flotation
Stain with lugol’s iodine, look for Giardia cysts.
A 25-kg, mixed-breed dog is approximately 5% dehydrated. Maintenance fluid replacement volume is 60 ml/kg/day. Assume that maintenance replacement volume includes sensible losses (urine, feces) and insensible losses (panting). Which of the following is the most appropriate amount of crystalloid fluids to administer to this dog over the initial 24-hour period?
A. 1.65 liters
B. 2.75 liters
C. 3.15 liters
D. 4.25 liters
E. 5.45 liters
- Replacement of dehydration loss = (% dehydration) x (body weight, kg) =
(0.05) x (25 kg) =
1.25 liters in 24 hours for replacement of deficit due to dehydration. - Maintenance fluids =
(60 ml/kg/day) x (body weight, kg) = (60 ml/kg/day) x (25 kg) = 1500 ml or 1.5 liters.
Total = 1.25 L + 1.5 L = 2.75 L.
Answer: D
Until case is confirmed, you need to isolate the pig under the assumption what ever condition the pig has is communicable.
Answer: C
Which choice is the most likely clinical sign in cows with positive cultures for E. coli 0157:H7?
A. Asymptomatic
B. Off feed in the past 3 days
C. Bloody diarrhea
D. Bloody urine
E. Tenesmus
Answer: A
Answer: E
Summer and fall are when salmonella and e.coli are shed the most
Answer: E
This is Dermatophytosis
Which organism is most likely responsible for causing the illness in the owner of this kitten?
A. Bartonella henselae
B. Chlamydophila psittaci
C. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
D. Microsporum gypseum
E. Pasteurella multocida
Answer: A
Remember: In people, you will see pyrexia, lethargy, and regional lymphadenopathy. There are usually no signs of disease in naturally-infected cats.
Answer: D
Horses and cows also have lesions
Which choice greatly DECREASES your index of suspicion for foot-and-mouth disease on this farm?
A. A dramatic decrease in milk yield
B. Vesicular lesions in the horse
C. High morbidity in young lambs
D. Increased salivation
E. Ruptured blisters on the feet of the pigs
Answer: B
Horses can not get FMD. They can develop vesicular stomatitis.
FMD mainly affects pigs and cattle.
Vesicular stomatitis can be seen in horses, pigs, and cattle
Which choice is the best advice to give the client for home management of this snake’s condition?
A. Feed only live rats or mice.
B. Increase indigestible fiber in the diet.
C. Provide a heat gradient in the vivarium.
D. Provide Vitamin E supplementation daily.
E. Warm water soaks and exercise.
Answer: E
Answer: D
10 mg/kg = 10mg x 20 kg = 200 mg
1g/10 ml = 1000mg/10 ml cross multiple 200 mg/x ml –> 2 ml
Answer: C
Answer: D
Answer: B
Answer: B
Answer: B
Heinz bodies are globs of oxidized hemoglobin clinging to the interior surface of the red blood cell membrane.
A cockatiel is presented for evaluation.
The owners report that the bird is off-feed but is drinking copiously and seems to be vomiting.
There is dark-green diarrhea in the bottom of the carrier.
The bird is caged, and the owners report that the bird chews on the cage and other items frequently.
Which choice is the most important question to ask the owner?
A. Does anyone in the house smoke?
B. In what area of the house is the bird’s cage kept?
C. Is the bird fed a complete pelleted diet?
D. Is vitamin B12 added to the bird’s water source?
E. What is the composition of the cage and the items the bird is chewing on?
Answer: E
Zinc and Lead toxicity is what we are worried about
Which choice would be most likely in a blood smear obtained from one of the moribund calves in this case?
A. Spherocytes
B. Heinz body formation
C. Rouleaux
D. Basophilic stippling
E. Stomatocytes
Answer: D
Anisocytosis = different size RBC
Spherocytosis = different shaped RBC
Which choice would help to rule OUT a diagnosis of grain overload?
A. Absence of protozoa in ruminal fluid
B. Diarrhea
C. Increased blood lactate levels
D. Rectal temperatures ranging from 101 to 101.5 degrees F (38.3 to 38.6 degrees C)
E. Rumen pH between 6 and 7
Answer: E
B/c with grain overload the ph is less than 5.5
Answer: D
Monensin is an Ionophore. Ionophore toxicity –> cardiotoxic
Horses are 10x more sensitive to ionophore toxicity than cows and may die acutely.
Answer: B
Cottonseed meal contains gossypol –> cardiotoxicity
The signs in this horse are most consistent with which one of these types of immune reactions?
A. Type I - IgE mediated
B. Type || - Complement cytotoxicity
C. Type Ill - Immune complex disease
D. Type IV - Delayed hypersensitivity
E. Immune complex endothelial deposition
Answer: A
Type 1: Focal (urticaria, hives)
-Or-
Generalized (anaphylactic shock)
Type I reactions include:
* Facial edema, salivation, vomiting
* Dyspnea
* Diarrhea
* Shock, collapse and death
Type II: Complement-Mediated
In Type Il reactions, activated complement can cause cell lysis or antibody-mediated cytotoxicity.
Type Il diseases include:
* Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA).
* Transfusion reactions.
* Myasthenia gravis (i.e., anti-receptor antibodies block activation of nerve cells).
Type III: Immune Complexes
Type Ill hypersensitivity is immune complex-mediated.
Type Ill diseases include:
* Glomerulonephritis.
* Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
* Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in cattle (and
“farmer’s lung” in people).
* Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity may result from neoplasia or chronic infections, but sometimes the cause of the disease remains obscure.
Type IV: Sensitized Lymphocytes
Type IV hypersensitivity is a delayed type of hypersensitivity.
Type IV diseases include:
* Contact hypersensitivity (e.g., dogs who react to plastic collars or bowls).
* Keratitis sicca.
