Week 2- Metabolic Disorders of Production Animals Flashcards
What 4 Clinical Conditions are associated with Negative Energy Balance?
- Ketosis in cattle
- Pregnancy Toxaemia
- Fatty Liver
- Abomasal Displacements
What 3 subclinical conditions are associated with a negative energy balance?
Ketosis / Fatty liver
* Immunosuppression / ↑ periparturient infectious disease
* Poor reproductive performance
What is type I ketosis?
Energy intake < output
* Peak lactation
* Highest energy demand
* Cause and effects both ~ 20-60 DIM
* ↑ BHB (+/- NEFA)
What is type II ketosis?
Insulin resistance
* Fat infiltration of liver
* Not just fat cows
* Around calving
* Diet / intake in late dry period critical
* Effects <20 DIM
* ↑ NEFA (+/- BHB)
What are the clinical signs of ‘nervous ketosis’?
Excitability, altered behaviour +/- aggression
* Muscle fasciculations
* Compulsive licking / pica
* +/- Incoordination, circling & head pressing
* +/- Collapse, seizures & death
How might you manage ketosis in cattle?
Oral glucose precursors
* Propylene glycol
* Glycerol
» Glucocorticoids ?
* Stimulation of appetite
* Promote gluconeogenesis
» B Vitamins
* Stimulation of appetite
» IV dextrose?
» Nutrition & nursing
What are the two main subclinical signs of ketosis?
- Immunosuppression
- Poor Reproductive Performance
What are the clinical signs of pregnancy toxaemia?
- decreased appetite/ anorexia
- dullness and depression
- isolation from the flock
- muscle fasciculations
- BCS loss
- Collapse and Recumbancy
How might you diagnose pregnancy toxaemia?
Clinical signs
* Serum BHB >3.0
How might you manage pregnancy toxaemia?
Oral glucose precursors
* IV dextrose
* NSAIDs
* Tx for hypocalcaemia
* Induction of parturition
* Glucocorticoids + PGF
* Caesarean section
* Euthanasia
