Week 1- Diseases of the orbit and adnexa in companion animals Flashcards
What is distichiasis?
Single or multiple hairs arising
from the free lid margin
What is ectopic cillia?
Hair emerging from the palpebral conjunctiva
What is trichiasis?
Normally located but abnormally directed hairs
Name 4 surgical treatments of distichiasis
- Electrolysis
- Cryosurgery
- Eyelid wedge resection
- Lid-splitting/ electrocautery
What is electrolysis (for distichiasis)
- Fine electrode inserted into lash follicle
- needs magnification
- takes time
What is cryosurgery for distichiasis
- Liquid nitrogen or nitrous oxide
- Probe applied to palpebral conjunctiva 2-3mm from eyelid margin until iceball formed
- once thawed, process is repeated
What is the downside of eyelid wedge resection
Appropriate if small number of lashes in one area
What is the downside of lid splitting for distichiasis
Significant scarring to the eyelid and meibomian glands
What age does entropion usually occur?
4-7 months
* potentially secondary entropion due to severe ocular pain
What are the clinical signs of entropion?
- Lacrimation
- Blepharospasm
- Poor Corneal Health
What is the conservative treatment of entropion?
- Ocular lubrication
- Tacking sutures
How might you surgically manage entropion?
- Hotz-Celsus
- medial canthoplasty
- lateral palpebral ligament resection
How would you treat an eyelid neoplasm if <25% total lid length is affected
House-shaped incision
* At least 1mm margins
* Close deeper conjunctival layer
* Figure of 8 to close eyelid margin (along grey line)
When would you need a reconstructive blepharoplasty?
- Sliding grafts from surrrounding skin
- Mucocutaneous graft from the lip
What is generalised blepharitis?
- Bacterial
- immune-mediated
- secondary to another dermatological disease
What is KCS?
- Immune-Mediated
- Neurogenic
- Congenital hypoplasia
- Iatrogenic
- Iatrogenic removal of nicitans gland
How might you diagnose KCS?
- Inflammation
- Mucoid
- Dull Cornea
- corneal vascularisation and pigmentation
What 4 medications might you use to manage a tear film deficiency?
- Cyclosporine 0.2%
- Tacrolimus
- Pilocarpine
- Tear substitute
good ocular hygeine
What is the surgical management of tear film deficiencies?
Parotid duct transposition
What are the complications of parotid duct transposition?
- Facial wetting due to too much saliva
- Mineral deposits on cornea and eyelids
What is the nicitating membrane?
- Thin sheet of tissue in the medial canthus
- physical protection of the cornea
- Contributes to aqueous tear production
How would you surgically replace a nictitating membrane?
Posterior Pocketing technique
What is the definition of exopthalmos?
Normal sized globe being pushed forward
What is bupthalmos?
Normally positioned globe that is enlarged
What is retropulsion
An ability to move forwards or lean back
