Week 8- Haemopoetic and lymphoproliferative neoplasia Flashcards
What is a canine lymphoma?
Diverse group of tumours, usually arising in lymphoid tissues
non-lymphoid tissues also possible
What type of lymphoma has a better prognosis
B-Cell over T-cell (B-cell more common)
What breeds are at high risk of lymphoma?
Boxers
Retrievers
Bull Mastiff
Bassets
How would you classify lymphomas in dogs?
- Anatomic site
- Histologic or Cytologic type
- Immunophenotype
What does multicentric mean?
Found all over the body- all lymph nodes
What is the most rare anatomical location of a lymphoma?
Extranodal
What are the main clinical signs of a multicentric lymphoma?
- Hypercalcaemia (thirst and urination)
- Non-Specific signs
- Hepato-Splenomegaly
What are the signs of an alimentary tract lymphoma?
- Non-specific GI signs
- Vomiting
- Weight loss
- Thickened Intestines
- Abdominal Mass
What are the clinical signs of a cutaneous lymphoma?
- Generalised or Solitary
- Scaly, Alopecia, erythematous
- Pruritic/ Itchy
What are the clinical signs of a mediastinal mass?
- Respiratory signs
- Pleural effusion or tachycardia
- Caval syndrome
- Hypercalcaemia
What kind of grade is a canine lymphoma?
High grade
What are the clinical signs of paraneoplastic syndrome?
- Polyuria/ Polydipsia due to hypercalcaemia
- Anorexia, Muscle weakness, weight loss
What is the most common stage of paraneoplastic lymphoma?
Stage III- generalised nodes across the diaphragm
Name 4 different types of staging tests
- Chest and abdominal radiographs
- Abdominal ultrasound
- Bone Marrow aspirate
- Echocardiogram
What is PARR?
PCR for antigen-receptor gene rearrangement
can confirm an elusive diagnosis
What would be the function of immunocytochemistry?
- Flow cytometry with B and T markers
live cells stored in saline
Flow superior to PARR in correctly predicting phenotype
When may you do surgery?
Nodal or Extranodal
* Splenectomy
* GI Perforation
What are the side effects of treatment?
- Bone Marrow Suppression
- Alopecia
- GI upset
What treatment gives the best survival chance?
CHOP
- CycloPHosphamide
- Oncovin
- PRednisolone
Why do vets try and avoid doxorubicin?
- risk of going under skin
- Side-Effects
- Cardiotoxicity
- But very good at getting rid of lymphomas
What are The Clinical Signs Of a feline alimentary cancer?
- Middle aged
Thickened Bowel Loops
Weight loss, anorexia
Ascites
What Ancillary testing might you do for a feline lymphoma?
- Immunophenotype reports
- Thymidine Kinase
How well is the CHOP protocol tolerated?
- FEW gi side effects
50-70% Complete response rate
Median survival 7 months
What are the clinical signs of small cell alimentary lymphoma?
- Better prognosis
- less aggressive chemo
- Prednisolone
- Median survival 2 years
What is acute lymphoblastic leukaemia?
- Most common leukaemia
- Acute
- Cells infiltrate bone marrow
- Liver spleen and lymph node involvement
What is chronic lymphocytic leukaemia?
- Rarer, Older patients
- Mature lymphocytes in BM
- Mild lymphadenopathy
- Lymphocytosis
What is non-lymphoid leukaemia?
- Rare
Rapid clinical course
Survival <21 days
Insidious onset
What is polycythaemia vera?
- Chronic myeloproliferative disorder
PCV 65-70
Erthrocyte cell lineage
Little to no erythropoietin
