Week 6- Production animal Haematology Flashcards
What may cause haemorrhage in production animals?
Ruptured milk vein/ middle uterine artery
* Abomasal ulceration
* Pulmonary thromboembolism
* Parasitism (Haemonchosis, Fascioliasis)
What may cause haemolysis in production animals?
Infectious (Babesiosis)
* Intoxication (Copper, Brassica)
What may cause ruptured vessels in dogs?
Trauma
* Milk vein
* Middle uterine artery
* Erosion
* Abomasal/ duodenal ulceration
* Infection
* Pulmonary thromboembolism
What may cause failure of coagulation in production animals?
Failure of coagulation (rare)
* Intoxication (e.g. Rodenticide poisoning)
What are the risk factors of abomasal ulceration?
Metabolic stress
* ↓ Abomasal pH
* Nutrition: ↓ NDF, ↑ Carbohydrate
* Abomasal displacements
What is the pathogenesis of a pulmonary thromboembolism?
Rumenitis → Bacterial translocation → Liver abscess * Thrombo-embolism → Cau. VC → Pulmonary vv. * Abscess formation → Erosion of pulmonary aa.
What are the risk factors of pulmonary thromboembolism?
↓ Rumenal pH / SARA * Nutrition: ↓ NDF, ↑ Carbohydrate
What would be the clinical signs of a pulmonary thromboembolism?
Haemoptisis, Epistaxis * ↑ HR/RR +/- ↑ lung sounds
How would you manage a pulmonary thromboembolism?
Poor individual prognosis * Systemic Abs +/-Transfusion * Dietary modification
What is the aetiology of Bracken Toxicity?
Several toxic factors
* Bone marrow suppression
* Ingestion of large quantities over a short time frame
* Acute haemorrhagic disease
* Carcinogenic
* Chronic exposure to low levels
* Neoplasia of the upper alimentary tract or urinary bladder (Enzootic
haematuria)
How does Bracken Toxicity occur?
Marginal grazing
What are the clinical signs of enteric/ acute haemorrhagic system bracken toxicity?
Anaemia, leucopaenia and thrombocytopaenia.
* Mucosa petechiation and epistaxis
* Pyrexia, anorexia, depression and dysentery
* Death 1-5 days
What are the clinical signs of laryngeal oedema?
Usually seen in calves
* Depression
* Roaring respiration and dyspnoea
What are the clinical signs of enzootic haematuria?
Haematuria
* Anaemia
* Weakness
Urinary bladder
What does upper alimentary squamous cell carcinoma look like?
Pharyngeal neoplasia – ptyalism, halitosis, coughing, nasal discharge
* Oesophageal neoplasia – ptyalism, halitosis, chronic ruminal tympany, diarrhoea
What is the epidemiology of babesiosis?
Tick-infected areas (Ixodes ricinus)
* Spring to Autumn
* Non-immune animals at greatest risk
* Age immunity – animals less than 2 years unlikely to suffer from clinical disease
What is the pathogenesis of babesiosis?
Replication cycles followed by cell rupture in association with progressive
* Haemolysis, anaemia and haemoglobinuria
* Spiking fever coincides with cell rupture
* Drops in PCV can be sudden and dramatic
How might you treat babesiosis?
Imidocarb diproprionate (Imizol)
* (Oxytetracyline)
* Blood transfusion
* NSAIDs
What are the clinical signs of bacillary haemoglobinuria?
Acute haemolytic disease
* Sudden onset dullness, fever, severe anaemia,
jaundice, haemoglobinuria
* 100% mortality
What is the aetiology of copper poisoning in sheep?
Sheep and goats are more susceptible than cattle - Very high liver
capacity for copper storage in cattle
* Influenced by the presence of antagonists (e.g. Molybdenum and
sulphate)
» Sources
* Supplemented in feed or through boluses
* Pig feed and manure
* Fungicides and molluscicides
* Wood preservatives
What are the clinical signs of copper poisoning?
Haemolytic crisis
* Abdominal pain and diarrhoea (blue-green tinged)
* Sudden death
What is the pathogenesis of Brassica poisoning?
Toxin converted to haemolytic factor in rumen
* Haemolysis, icterus, anaemia and haemoglobinuria
