Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutrition > Water & Electrolytes > Flashcards

Water & Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

what type of extracellular fluids are there?

A

 Interstitial fluid  Intravascular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the two scenarios where Water loss exceeds intake?

A

– Heavy exercise

– Diarrhea`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the two things that cause dehydration?

A

High environmental temperatures; Water loss exceeds intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

who are the three groups of people at risk of dehydration?

A

– Infants and elderly – Athletes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lance Armstrong lost how much of his body weight during

Tour de France because of dehydration?

A

8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the seven functions of water?

A
  • Structural component of all cells • Hydrolysis of digestion
  • Transport of nutrients
  • Medium for biological reactions • Temperature regulation
  • Collection/removal of waste • Lubricant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are kidneys central to? water

A

blood volume and pressure maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do?

A

– Hypothalamus stimulates pituitary gland – Water-conserving hormone
• Stimulates kidneys to reabsorb water – Events trigger thirst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how much water do we lose in our urine?

A

1000 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how much water do we lose in Insensible perspiration?

A

400 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how much water do we lose in Visible perspiration?

A

300 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how much water do we lose in the Evaporation from lungs?

A

300 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how much water do we lose in feces?

A

100 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

we lose a total of how much water?

A

2100 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

who much water should adults consume per 1000 kcal?

A

1000 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how much water should children consume per 1000 kcal?

A

1500 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are electrolytes?

A

Substance that disassociates in solution into electrically charged particles ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the two positively charged electrolytes?

A

sodium, potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the two negatively charged electrolytes?

A

chloride, phosphorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which electrolytes are in the extracellular fluid?

A

sodium, chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

which electrolytes are in the intracellular fluid?

A

potassium, phosphorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the six causes of Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalance?

A

– Excessive intake
– Prolonged vomiting or diarrhea – Heavy sweating
– Burns
– Traumatic wounds – Some medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what can a Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalance result in?

A

medical emergency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

with Vomiting or diarrhea which electrolyte is lost?

A

sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

with Tumor development which electrolyte is lost?

A

potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are the three ways to Replace lost fluids and electrolytes?

A

– Plain cool water and regular foods – Special replacement fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are the four Functions of Sodium?

A

Acid-base balance
Nerve impulse transmission Muscle contraction
Fluid & electrolyte balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are the two things sodium does in its function of Fluid & electrolyte balance?

A

• Principal cation of extracellular fluid • Primary regulator of volume

29
Q

how does sodium travel in the blood?

A

freely

30
Q

what do the kidneys do in relation to sodium?

A

filter out and return what is needed

31
Q

what is hyponatremia?

A

sodium deficiency disease

32
Q

what are the seven symptoms of Hyponatremia?

A

Nausea, vomiting, headache, confusion, spasms, coma

(brain edema), Excess water dilutes

33
Q

what are the results of excess water diluting in Hyponatremia?

A
  • Congestive heart failure • Overhydration >12 L/day • Cirrhosis
  • Some cancers
34
Q

what are the two instances when sodium deficiency occurs?

A
  • Heavy sweating >3% loss of body weight

* Grazing animals where soil depleted by leaching – Mountains, Thailand

35
Q

What are the two causes hypertension?

A
  • 95% of hypertension cases is unknown – primary or essential hypertension
  • 5% caused by kidney disease, sleep apnea, and salt sensitivity
36
Q

what happens with hypertension?

A

Calcium excretion and bone loss

37
Q

what is hypertension?

A

sodium toxicity disease?

38
Q

what are the two diseases that occur with sodium toxicity?

A

edema, hypertension

39
Q

what is sodium toxicity like?

A

acute (brief and severe)

40
Q

whats the DRI for sodium?

A

1500 mg

41
Q

whats the average intake of sodium?

A

3400 mg

42
Q

what are the requirements of sodium?

A

500 mg

43
Q

1 tsp of salt equals how much sodium?

A

2000 mg of sodium

44
Q

what are the five food sources of sodium?

A 
Processed foods (75%)
Table salt (15%)
Other
• Monosodium glutamate
(MSG) Asia • Soy sauce Asia •  Milk
45
Q

what are six things to not eat to restrict sodium intake?

A

• Monosodium glutamate • Baking powder & soda
• Brine (processed chicken) • Disodium phosphate
– Processed cheese
– Quick cooking cereals • Sodium alginate
– Chocolate milk, ice cream • Sodium benzoate
– Relish, salad dressings

46
Q

what is potassium?

A

Principal intracellular cation

47
Q

what are potassium’s three roles?

A

– Helps maintain fluid and electrolyte balance – Helps maintain cell integrity
– Aids in nerve impulse transmission and muscle
contraction

48
Q

what do diets rich in potassium do?

A

reduce risk of hypertension & perhaps, stroke

49
Q

what are the four symptoms of potassium deficiency?

A

Increased risk of hypertension Irregular heartbeats
Muscle weakness
Glucose intolerance

50
Q

whats the UL of potassium in foods?

A

None

51
Q

what are the three ways to get potassium toxicity?

A

Overconsumption of potassium salts or supplements; injection

52
Q

what is Hyperkalemia and what are the four symptoms?

A

toxicity of potassium disease
• Irregular heart beat, heart attack*
• Nausea, vomiting diarrhea

53
Q

what happens with the kidneys in potassium toxicity?

A

Kidneys accelerate excretion • Disease: must limit intake

54
Q

whats the DRI of potassium?

A

4700 mg

55
Q

what are the six food sources of potassium?

A 
Fresh foods are highest
•  Parsley
•  Dried apricots
•  Chocolate
•  Almonds & pistachios
•  Bananas
•  Avocados
56
Q

whats the DASH diet?

A

Dietary Attempts to Stop Hypertension

57
Q

what types of food should you increase with the DASH diet?

A

Increases grain products, fruits & vegetables, dairy foods, nuts, seeds & legumes!

58
Q

what does the DASH diet lead to an increase of?

A

K, Ca & Mg in diet

59
Q

what does the DASH diet do to your body?

A

Lowers blood pressure!

60
Q

efficacy of the DASH diet increase when…?

A

salt is limited

61
Q

what are chlorides four functions?

A
  • Major anion of extracellular fluids
  • Helps maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
  • Part of hydrochloric acid
  • Assists transmission of nerve impulses
62
Q

in chlorides function of Helping to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance it does what?

A

– Moves passively across membranes

• Follows sodium and potassium

63
Q

do diet lack chloride?

A

rarely

64
Q

what electrolyte is deficient in new baby formula?

A

chloride

65
Q

how do you get a chloride toxicity?

A

water deficiency

66
Q

whats the DRI of chloride?

A

2300 mg

67
Q

what are the requirements of chloride?

A

500 mg

68
Q

which electrolyte is abundant in processed foods?

A

Abundant in processed foods

Nutrition (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions