Niacin

Question 1

is it a trace element, vitamin, or mineral? Niacin

Answer 1

vitamin B3

Question 2

what are its properties? Niacin

Answer 2

Extremely stable to heat, light, acid, alkali, oxidation

Question 3

what are its two functions? Niacin

Answer 3

 Carbohydrate, fat and energy metabolism  Coenzymes

Question 4

what are the details of its function as a coenzyme for NAD? Niacin

Answer 4

Removal and transfer of hydrogen atoms

Question 5

what are its two coenzymes? Niacin

Answer 5

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD),  Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
(NADP)

Question 6

what are the details of its function as a coenzyme for NADP? Niacin

Answer 6

Synthesis of fat

Question 7

what is the deficiency disease? Niacin

Answer 7

pellagra

Question 8

what are the four D’s of pellagra? Niacin

Answer 8

Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, death

Question 9

what happens with Dermatitis in pellagra? Niacin

Answer 9

Black tongue in dogs

 Atrophy of taste buds

Question 10

what are the four things that happen with Dementia in pellagra? Niacin

Answer 10

Mental confusion, irritability, psychosis, delirium

Question 11

when and where in the US was pellagra a problem? Niacin

Answer 11

Early 20th century in Southern US

Question 12

where is pellagra a problem today? Niacin

Answer 12

Today in SE Asia & Africa

Question 13

what three types of diets/foods create a risk of pellagra? Niacin

Answer 13

Low protein diets,  Cornbread (staple)  Molasses

Question 14

why isnt pellagra a problem in Central America where corn is a staple also? Niacin

Answer 14

Niacin bound to a protein

Question 15

what are the recommended intakes? Niacin

Answer 15

M 16 mg; F 14 mg

Question 16

where is it increased? Niacin

Answer 16

Increased in high protein, but meats are high in protein

Question 17

what are the four toxicity side effects? Niacin

Answer 17

 Liver dysfunction & damage
 Blurred vision & edema of eyes
 Glucose intolerance
 Flushing

Question 18

what is flushing (toxicity side effect) used to do? Niacin

Answer 18

 Used to reduce LDL
cholesterol and increase
HDL cholesterol (200 mg)  Old treatment for schizophrenia, Raynaud’s Disease (3 g/d)

Question 19

what is Raynaud’s Disease? Niacin

Answer 19

lose circulation in finger?

Question 20

what are the six main food sources? Niacin

Answer 20

Milk, meats, poultry, fish, whole grain & enriched cereals

Question 21

what is there a lot of in meats and milk and why is this important? Niacin

Answer 21

Tryptophan can be converted to niacin

Question 22

how much trytophan is in this? Niacin

Answer 22

60 mg Tryptophan = 1 mg niacin (1 niacin equivalent (N.E.))