Niacin Flashcards
is it a trace element, vitamin, or mineral? Niacin
vitamin B3
what are its properties? Niacin
Extremely stable to heat, light, acid, alkali, oxidation
what are its two functions? Niacin
Carbohydrate, fat and energy metabolism Coenzymes
what are the details of its function as a coenzyme for NAD? Niacin
Removal and transfer of hydrogen atoms
what are its two coenzymes? Niacin
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD), Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
(NADP)
what are the details of its function as a coenzyme for NADP? Niacin
Synthesis of fat
what is the deficiency disease? Niacin
pellagra
what are the four D’s of pellagra? Niacin
Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, death
what happens with Dermatitis in pellagra? Niacin
Black tongue in dogs
Atrophy of taste buds
what are the four things that happen with Dementia in pellagra? Niacin
Mental confusion, irritability, psychosis, delirium
when and where in the US was pellagra a problem? Niacin
Early 20th century in Southern US
where is pellagra a problem today? Niacin
Today in SE Asia & Africa
what three types of diets/foods create a risk of pellagra? Niacin
Low protein diets, Cornbread (staple) Molasses
why isnt pellagra a problem in Central America where corn is a staple also? Niacin
Niacin bound to a protein
what are the recommended intakes? Niacin
M 16 mg; F 14 mg
where is it increased? Niacin
Increased in high protein, but meats are high in protein
what are the four toxicity side effects? Niacin
Liver dysfunction & damage
Blurred vision & edema of eyes
Glucose intolerance
Flushing
what is flushing (toxicity side effect) used to do? Niacin
Used to reduce LDL
cholesterol and increase
HDL cholesterol (200 mg) Old treatment for schizophrenia, Raynaud’s Disease (3 g/d)
what is Raynaud’s Disease? Niacin
lose circulation in finger?
what are the six main food sources? Niacin
Milk, meats, poultry, fish, whole grain & enriched cereals
what is there a lot of in meats and milk and why is this important? Niacin
Tryptophan can be converted to niacin
how much trytophan is in this? Niacin
60 mg Tryptophan = 1 mg niacin (1 niacin equivalent (N.E.))
