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Thiamin Flashcards

1
Q

is it a trace element, vitamin, or mineral? Thiamin

A

vitamin B1

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2
Q

whats its coenzyme form?Thiamin

A

TPP, Thiamin Pyrophosphate

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3
Q

what quantities are stored in the body? Thiamin

A

30-70 mg

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4
Q

what is it easily destroyed by? Thiamin

A

heat or oxidation

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5
Q

what part of this is destroyed by what enzyme? Thiamin

A

Weak bridge, thaminase

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6
Q

what eight food sources is thaminase found in? Thiamin

A

tea, raw fish, clams, shrimp, mussels, fish paste, betel nut, fermented tea

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7
Q

what does it add to become active? Thiamin

A

two phosphate groups

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8
Q

what are its four functions? Thiamin

A

Carbohydrate metabolism, Maintenance of nervous system, Affects cardiovascular system, Normal appetite

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9
Q

in its function of carbohydrate metabolism what is an indicator of status? Thiamin

A

Level of enzyme, transketolase

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10
Q

what are the five deficiency symptoms related to its function of nervous system maintenance? Thiamin

A

-Neuritis -Irritability -Mental depression -Anorexia -Paresthesia

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11
Q

what happens in Paresthesia? Thiamin

A

neuritis

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12
Q

what is neuritis? Thiamin

A

inflammation of nerves

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13
Q

where does Carbohydrate metabolism take place? Thiamin

A

TCA cycle

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14
Q

what are the two deficiency symptoms in its function in the cardiovascular system? Thiamin

A

weak muscle, heart failure

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15
Q

at what level does normal appetite occur? Thiamin

A

Occurs >0.2 mg/1000 calories

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16
Q

how does it affect someones appetite? Thiamin

A

Does not increase appetite over normal

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17
Q

what disease did Takaki cure the Japanese navy of and how did he do it? Thiamin

A

less rice & more vegetables

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18
Q

what disease did Eijkman cure pigeons of and how did he do it? Thiamin

A

fed pigeons same diet as prisoners

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19
Q

what did Grijns suggest in relation to Beri Beri disease? Thiamin

A

rice have vital substance in hulls

20
Q

what did Funk discover and what did he name it? Thiamin

A

isolated and named it vital amine

21
Q

how many people suffer symptoms of Beri Beri disease? Thiamin

A

1.5 million

22
Q

what are the three places where people can be especially prone to Beri Beri? Thiamin

A

 Countries where polished rice is a staple

 Victims of political trade embargos  Displaced persons in refugee camps

23
Q

what are the three reasons people get Beri Beri? Thiamin

A

 Failure to enrich rice  Washing of rice

 Soaking of rice

24
Q

whats going on with the Karentribe in relation to Beri Beri? Thiamin

A

Thailand-Burma border; Infantile mortality is major

25
Q

who are the three groups of people that prone to get Beri Beri in the US? Thiamin

A

alcoholics, low carbohydrate diets, low carbohydrate diets + tea + raw fish

26
Q

what are the three symptoms of Beri Beri? Thiamin

A

Neurological changes, Mental confusion, Cardiovascular failure

27
Q

with the symptom of Mental confusion in Beri Beri what are the five things that can happen? Thiamin

A

Irritability, depression, headache, fear, coma

28
Q

with the symptom of neurological changes what are the six things that can happen? Thiamin

A 
  Muscle weakness and wasting
  CNS creates unsteady gait
  Peripheral neuritis
  Decreased speed and coordination   Paresthesia
  Constipation
29
Q

with the symptom of neurological change in Beri Beri, Decreased speed and coordination is one of the things that can happen so what specifically happens with this? Thiamin

A

loss of knee/ankle jerk

30
Q

with the symptom of neurological change in Beri Beri one of the things that can happen is constipation, what specifically happens here? Thiamin

A

decreased tonus of GI tract

31
Q

what are the two different types of Beri Beri? Thiamin

A

infantile and adult

32
Q

what are the three symptoms of infantile beri beri? Thiamin

A

Cyanosis, tachycardia, weak cry, convulsion

33
Q

how long does infantile beri beri last and what can be a serious consequence? Thiamin

A

2-5 months, frequently fatal

34
Q

who normally gets infantile beri beri? Thiamin

A

Often breast fed mother with low thiamin diet

35
Q

what is cyanosis? Thiamin

A

symptom of infantile beri beri where blue lips occur

36
Q

what is tachycardia? Thiamin

A

symptom of infantile beri beri where irregular heart beat occurs

37
Q

what are the two different types of adult beri beri? Thiamin

A

Wet (Edematous), Dry (Wasting)

38
Q

what are the two things that happens with adult Wet (Edematous) beri beri? Thiamin

A

 Swelling of limbs

 Accumulation of fluid in heart -> heart failure

39
Q

what happens with dry (wasting) adult beri beri? Thiamin

A

Gradual loss of body tissues

40
Q

what are the recommended requirements? Thiamin

A

 0.5 mg/1000 cal (minimum 1 mg for any caloric intake)  M 1.2 mg, F 1.1 mg

41
Q

when are the two cases when you should increase your thiamin intake above the recommended amounts? Thiamin

A

 Pregnancy, growth, old age (problems in absorption)  Alcohol

42
Q

what are the two reasons people who drink alcohol should increase their thiamin intake above the recommended amounts? Thiamin

A

 Thiamin necessary to breakdown to acetaldehyde

 Interferes with thiamin absorption

43
Q

what is the one case where you should decrease your intake below the recommended amounts? Thiamin

A

High fat diet

44
Q

why should a person with a high fat diet decrease their recommended level of this? Thiamin

A

Means low carbohydrates (need thiamin for

metabolism)

45
Q

what is the toxicity symptoms? Thiamin

A

none known

46
Q

what are the three main food sources? Thiamin

A

 Pork products  Whole grains  Enriched foods

Nutrition (32 decks)

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