Vitamin D

Question 1

what are its three hydroxyl groups? Vitamin D

Answer 1

Calcitriol, Calciferol, (Cholecalciferol)

Question 2

what is it? Vitamin D

Answer 2

hormone

Question 3

what is its precursor? Vitamin D

Answer 3

cholesterol

Question 4

what are the two things its blocked by? Vitamin D

Answer 4

melanin and sunscreen

Question 5

what the RDI? Vitamin D

Answer 5

15 min/day (light), 38 min (dark)

Question 6

what theory is associated with it? Vitamin D

Answer 6

theory of racial differences

Question 7

where was it discovered? Vitamin D

Answer 7

dogs who were inside and dogs who were outside

Question 8

what are the three things associated with its function in calcium metabolism? Vitamin D

Answer 8

Increases absorption of Ca from intestine, Increases resorpIon of Ca from bone, Increases Ca & P resorpIon by kidney

Question 9

what are its two functions? Vitamin D

Answer 9

calcium metabolism, Influences gene acIvity

Question 10

what is the trabecular? Vitamin D

Answer 10

the spongy bone where constant remodeling occurs by osteoclast and osteoblast

Question 11

what is osteoblast? Vitamin D

Answer 11

the process of new bone being added in the trabecular

Question 12

what is osteoclast? Vitamin D

Answer 12

the process of the degradation of bone surface in the trabecular

Question 13

what are the four consequences of deficiency? Vitamin D

Answer 13

Ca not absorbed from intesIne or resorbed by kidney, Bones dissolve to maintain blood Ca levels, Rickets, Osteomalacia

Question 14

what is the deficiency disease in children? Vitamin D

Answer 14

rickets

Question 15

what three things make a child suseptable to rickets? Vitamin D

Answer 15

Crowded smoky industrial areas, dark-skinned people, In purdah

Question 16

what are the seven things that can happen when a child gets rickets? Vitamin D

Answer 16

Inadequate deposition of Ca, bones remain soft, Bowing of legs, Rachitic rosary, Failure of fontanel to close, Late eruption of teeth; less well formed, Retarded growth

Question 17

what are the two deficiency diseases in adults? Vitamin D

Answer 17

Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis

Question 18

what are the three things that happen as a result of getting osteomalacia? Vitamin D

Answer 18

Softening of bones, Brittle, malformed

Question 19

what are the eight things that can cause osteomalacia? Vitamin D

Answer 19

Inadequate intake or absorption of vitamin D
• Inadequate intake or absorption of Ca
• Excess resorption of Ca (repeated pregnancies)
• Breast feeding without supplementation
• Gastric surgery, alcoholics
• Kidney removal, liver cirrhosis

Question 20

what does Cadmium Toxicity do? Vitamin D

Answer 20

Cadmium replaces Ca in bone

Question 21

what the disease associated with Cadmium Toxicity? Vitamin D

Answer 21

Itai-itai disease

Question 22

what happens with Itai-itai disease? Vitamin D

Answer 22

tendons cant connect bone because its soft

Question 23

where’s a typical place people get Cadmium Toxicity? Vitamin D

Answer 23

Polluted areas of China

Question 24

what are the four things that happen with the deficiency disease Osteoporosis? Vitamin D

Answer 24

Lack of bone matrix & Ca, Fragile bones fracture, Compaction of bone, lose height

Question 25

when does the Dowager’s hump occur? Vitamin D

Answer 25

when people get osteoporosis and there bones compact and they lose height

Question 26

at what age does our peak bone mass occur? Vitamin D

Answer 26

30 yrs

Question 27

is osteoporosis inevitable with age? if so at what age? Vitamin D

Answer 27

Inevitable with age, especially > 80 yr

Question 28

why are the elderly more prone to get osteoporosis? Vitamin D

Answer 28

Elderly drink lifle milk, not outside as much • Lose ability to synthesize acIve form

Question 29

whats happens with toxicity? Vitamin D

Answer 29

Increases blood Ca –> Ca deposition in soft Issues

Question 30

when blood Ca increases due to toxicity what three things occur? Vitamin D

Answer 30

Kidney Stones

• CalcificaIon of arteries • Mental confusion

Question 31

when are the three times toxicity can occur? Vitamin D

Answer 31

Occurs at 25X RDI; 2X in pregnancy; Cod liver oil, halibut liver oil

Question 32

what are the four main food sources? Vitamin D

Answer 32

cod liver oil, certain fish, milk, some cereals

Question 33

whats the RDI for adults? Vitamin D

Answer 33

15 μg/day

Question 34

whats the RDI for people > 70 yrs? Vitamin D

Answer 34

20 μg/day