Choline

Question 1

is it a trace element, vitamin, or mineral? Choline

Answer 1

B vitamin

Question 2

what are its 3 functions? Choline

Answer 2

Used to make neurotransmitter, Source of methyl groups, Cell signaling

Question 3

which neurotransmitter is it used to make? Choline

Answer 3

acetylcholine

Question 4

what are the details of its function as: Source of methyl groups? Choline

Answer 4

Metabolized to betaine, source of methyl
groups to convert homocysteine ->
methionine; Prevention of cardiovascular disease

Question 5

what are the details of its function as: Cell signaling? Choline

Answer 5

In phospholipids that are precursors for signaling

Question 6

why isn’t it a true vitamin? Choline

Answer 6

not a true vitamin since body can make from glycine

Question 7

what happens with its synthesis in guinea pigs? Choline

Answer 7

cannot be synthesized fast enough

Question 8

what are the two symptoms of deficiency? Choline

Answer 8

Fatty liver, liver & muscle damage; Neural tube defect in pregnancy

Question 9

is a deficiency common or rare? Choline

Answer 9

rare

Question 10

why is it considered conditionally essential? Choline

Answer 10

Need some in diet even though can make it

Question 11

what are the six toxicity side effects? Choline

Answer 11

Fishy body odor, Vomiting, salivation, sweating, Decreased blood pressure, Tinnitus

Question 12

whats the RDI? Choline

Answer 12

M 550 mg, F 425 mg

Question 13

whats the upper level? Choline

Answer 13

3,500 mg

Question 14

what are the four main food sources? Choline

Answer 14

egg yolk, liver, beef, soy beans

Question 15

whats the greatest food source? Choline

Answer 15

liver