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Calcium Flashcards

1
Q

whats the Amount in body? Calcium

A

850-1400 g –> more than other minerals

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2
Q

is it a trace element, vitamin, or mineral? Calcium

A

mineral

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3
Q

how much is in the bones & teeth? Calcium

A

99% bones & teeth

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4
Q

how much are in the plasma & body fluids? Calcium

A

1% plasma & body fluids

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5
Q

what does it decrease? Calcium

A

Decrease –> Tetany

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6
Q

what are its seven functions? Calcium

A

 Bone growth
 Teeth formation
 Initiates blood clotting  Muscle contraction
 Nerve transmission
 Cell wall permeability  Enzyme regulator and catalyst

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7
Q

Calcium is the most recognized nutrient associated with? Calcium

A

bone health

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8
Q

what seven other things are essential for bone health besides calcium? Calcium

A

Vitamins D and K Phosphorus Magnesium Fluoride

Zinc Boron

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9
Q

what are the two main things associated with its function of Bone growth? Calcium

A

most recognized nutrient associated with bone health, Provide strength & flexibility

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10
Q

what are the details of it Providing strength & flexibility to the bones? Calcium

A

 ~ 65% minerals,
hardness
 ~35% organic structures, strength, durability, & flexibility

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11
Q

what are the four parts of the bone it functions with? Calcium

A

Collagen, Hydroxyapatite, Cortical, Trabecular

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12
Q

what is collagen? Calcium

A

fibrous protein in bone tissue

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13
Q

what is Hydroxyapatite? Calcium

A

mineral crystals around collagen that bear weight

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14
Q

what is Cortical? Calcium

A

(compact)  80% of skeleton

 Outer surface

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15
Q

what is the Trabecular? Calcium

A 
  20% of skeleton
  Inside (scaffolding)
  Supports outer cortical
bone
  Faster turnover rate
(sensitive to hormones & nutritional deficiencies)
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16
Q

how does it function in bone growth? Calcium

A

deposition of Ca & increase in bone size

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17
Q

how does it function in modeling of the bone? Calcium

A

shaping of bone

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18
Q

how does it function in remodeling of bone growth? Calcium

A

recycling of bone tissue

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19
Q

when is bone growth completed? Calcium

A

Complete by age 14 yr girls; 17 boys

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20
Q

when is bone modeling complete? Calcium

A

Complete by early adulthood

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21
Q

what increases the thickness of bone modeling? Calcium

A

Exercise & overweight increase thickness

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22
Q

how much bone is remodeled every year? Calcium

A

20%

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23
Q

whats the order of the three bones that release during remodeling of bones? Calcium

A

Alveolar bone first to release, then pelvis & spine

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24
Q

what are the details of its function with Cell wall permeability? Calcium

A

Ca channels

25
Q

what are the details of its function as an Enzyme regulator and catalyst? Calcium

A

-Activates ATPase,

lipase

26
Q

whats the absorption rate in children? Calcium

27
Q

whats the absorption rate in adults? Calcium

28
Q

whats the absorption rate in pregnancy? Calcium

29
Q

what are the six favorable factors of absorption? Calcium

A

Vitamin D  Acid pH  Lactose
 Ca:P ratio 1:1  Parathyroid
Hormone  Growth

30
Q

what are the six unfavorable factors of absorption? Calcium

A 
 Stress
 Fats
 Oxalic Acid  Phytate
 Fiber
 Lack of exercise
31
Q

what are the four things associated with deficiency? Calcium

A

Hypocalcemia, Rickets, Osteomalacia , Osteoporosis

32
Q

what are the causes of Hypocalcemia? Calcium

A

kidney disease, vitamin D deficiency, or diseases that

inhibit PTH production

33
Q

what are the symptoms of Hypocalcemia? Calcium

A

muscle spasms and convulsions (tetany)

34
Q

what happens with rickets in children? Calcium

A

Failure of fontanel to close in infancy

35
Q

what happens with Osteomalacia? Calcium

A

(loss of mineral, not matrix)

36
Q

what happens with Osteoporosis? Calcium

A

(loss of mineral plus matrix)

37
Q

what are the three things that happen with age? Calcium

A

Bone mass decreases with age
 Age-related hormonal (estrogen and testosterone) changes influence bone density
 Decreased vitamin D metabolism with age

38
Q

what are the three details of women being at a disadvantage with osteoporosis? Calcium

A

 80% of Americans with osteoporosis: women
 Women have lower bone density than men  Low estrogen production increases bone
loss: postmenopausal women and adolescent girls (extreme dieting)

39
Q

who is most at risk for getting osteoporosis? Calcium

A

Caucasian women of low body weight with first-degree relative (mother or sister) with osteoporosis

40
Q

what happens to bones with regular exercise? Calcium

A

stresses bone tissues, stimulates bone

density

41
Q

what is Important for bone growth in adolescence? Calcium

A

physical activity

42
Q

what do weight bearing activities do? Calcium

A

Weight-bearing activities (walking, jogging)

help increase bone mass

43
Q

what are the benefits of being overweight? Calcium

A

may protect bones

44
Q

what does smoking do? Calcium

A

decreases bone density

45
Q

how can the harmful affects of smoking on the bones be reversed and when are the benefits seen? Calcium

A

Can be reversed with smoking cessation, 6 weeks

46
Q

what does Alcohol abuse & osteoporosis increase? Calcium

47
Q

with Moderate alcohol intake what happens to the body? Calcium

A

May increase bone mineral density

48
Q

what is the treatment for Osteoporosis? Calcium

A

no cure just slow progression

49
Q

what are the three ways to slow the progression of Osteoporosis? Calcium

A

 Adequate calcium & vitamin D intake  Regular exercise (weight-bearing)
 Anti-resorptive medications

50
Q

what happens to the excess of it from the diet? Calcium

A

excreted in feces

51
Q

what causes mineral imbalance? Calcium

A

supplements

52
Q

what is the disease associated with toxicity? Calcium

A

Hypercalcemia (high blood calcium)

53
Q

what causes Hypercalcemia? Calcium

A

cancer or excess parathyroid hormone

54
Q

what are the five things that happen with hypercalcemia? Calcium

A

Fatigue, appetite loss, constipation, mental

confusion, calcium deposits in soft tissues

55
Q

what are the two things that happens when calcium deposits in soft tissues as a result of toxicity in hypercalcemia? Calcium

A

Kidney stones

Calcification of arteries

56
Q

whats the DRI? Calcium

57
Q

whats the upper limit? Calcium

58
Q

whats an excellent food source? Calcium

A

milk products?

59
Q

what are three good food sources? Calcium

A

 Green leafy vegetables (kale, collard greens, broccoli, and
cabbage are low in oxalates)
 Fortified foods (orange juice, soy milk)  Fish with edible bones (sardines, salmon)

Nutrition (32 decks)

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