Folate Flashcards
is it a trace element, vitamin, or mineral? Folate
B vitamin
what are its three forms? Folate
food, coenzyme, excreted from liver into bile then reabsorbed by intestine
what are the details of its form in food? Folate
not biologically active, bound to glutamates
which form in food is preferred for absorption? Folate
monoglutamate
which is the storage form in food? Folate
polyglutamate
what are the two coenzyme forms? Folate
tetrahydrofolate (THF), dihydrofolate (DHF)
what happens when the intestinal cells are damaged? Folate
it hinders absorption
what are its three functions? Folate
carrier of one carbon compounds, DNA and red blood cell formation
what are the three different carbon compounds it carries? Folate
methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid
what happens with its function in DNA and red blood cell formation? Folate
protein synthesis and cell division
what are the three deficiency symptoms? Folate
macrocytic anemia, smooth tongue, changes in intestinal cells
what is the deficiency symptom macrocytic anemia? Folate
arrested development of rbc: nuclei, large, irregular shape
what happens with the deficiency symptom of changes in intestinal cells? Folate
diarrhea
what are the five predisposing factors of deficiency? Folate
inadequate intake, impaired absorption, enhanced cell multiplication (cancer), drugs, smoking
what are the three things that happens with a deficiency in pregnancy? Folate
neural tube defects in the 1st 3 weeks, spina bifida, anencephaly
what happens with a neural tube defect? Folate
lots of urinating and vomiting
what is spina bifida? Folate
split or open spine
what is anencephaly? Folate
no brain
how can a deficiency in pregnancy be prevented? Folate
supplements 1 month prior and 1st trimester
what are its dual roles in cancer? Folate
low intake protects against early cancinogenesis; high intake promotes advanced carcinogenesis
what is the recommended daily intake for adults? Folate
400 micro grams
whats the upper limit for adults? Folate
1000 micro grams
whats the recommended daily intake for pregnancy? Folate
600 micro grams
whats the upper limit in pregnancy? Folate
800 micro grams
what are the three toxicity effects? Folate
masks deficiency of b12, changes to brain leading to autism and metabolic syndrome, increase risk of malaria in children
what are the seven food sources? Folate
leafy green vegetables, legumes, okra, asparagus, orange, strawberries, enriched grains
is the amount limited in enriched grains? if so why? Folate
limited to not mask b12 deficiency
