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_My Cards > Washington, Oregon, US History > Flashcards

Washington, Oregon, US History Flashcards

1
Q

Recent AVAs that covers part of WA

A

(2018) Upper Hudson AVA; covers Albany, Montgomery, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schenectady, Schoharie, and WA
(2016) Lewis-Clark Valley AVA; covers WA, ID

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2
Q

Top 3 grapes grown in WA in acreage

A
  • Cab Sauv (23%), Merlot (19%), Chard (17%)
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3
Q

Years of Prohibition

A

1920-1933

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4
Q

World’s largest producer of sparkling wines

A

Gloria Ferrer, owned by Freixenet

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5
Q

Domaine Carneros owned by this French champagne company

A

Taittinger

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6
Q

First AVA in the US

A

Augusta AVA, Missouri (1980)

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7
Q

US’ smallest and largest AVA

A
  • Smallest: Cole Ranch, Mendocino

- Largest: Upper Mississippi River Valley

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8
Q

Largest appellation in the world and what areas does it cover

A
  • Upper Mississippi River Valley

- covers part of Minnessota, Illinois, Iowa and Wisconsin

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9
Q

The “father of California wine”

A
  • Agoston Haraszthy
  • Hungarian-born, self-styled “Count”
  • arrived in Sonoma in 1849, where he founded Buena Vista
  • Haraszthy introduced more than 300 varieties to the state, collected as vine cuttings during his European travels
  • Now owned by….Jean Charles Boisset
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10
Q

US’ oldest continuously operating winery

A

The Brotherhood Winery in Washingtonville, NY (1839)

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11
Q

Napa’s oldest continuously operating winery (1876)

A

Beringer

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12
Q

Oldest commercial winery in Napa Valley (1861)

A
  • Charles Krug

- moved in 1861 to St. Helena after working for Haraszthy

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13
Q

Founded Inglenook Winery (1880)

A

Gustav Niebaum

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14
Q

US’ first bonded winery (1860)

A

Pleasant Valley Wine Company in the Finger Lakes, still operating today

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15
Q

The first to discover American grapes Vitis labrusca, were resistant to phylloxera. Led to grafting and saved the French wine industry

A

Charles Valentine Riley

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16
Q

In 1938, Georges de Latour hired ____ to oversee the production at Beaulieu. Name his other contributions

A
  • André Tchelistcheff
  • the “dean of American winemakers”, a Russian winemaker trained in France
  • brought new standards of hygiene and techniques to California, including temperature-controlled fermentations, introducing cold fermentation, controlled MLF, and spreading the use of small barrels
  • mentored many of California’s young talents, including Robert Mondavi, Louis Martini, Joe Heitz, and Mike Grgich
  • introduced the Georges de Latour Private Reserve Cabernet Sauvignon, a new benchmark in quality for American wine
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17
Q

Top 3 winners of the 1976 Judgment of Paris

A
  • RED RESULTS
    1. 1973 Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars CS
    2. 1970 Ch Mouton-Rothschild
    3. 1970 Ch Montrose
  • WHITE RESULTS
    1. 1973 Ch Montelena CH
    2. 1973 Meursault Charmes, Roulot
    3. 1974 Chalone Vineyard
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18
Q

The first Napa Valley bottling to top the $100 mark at release (1978)

A

Diamond Creek Cab Sauv

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19
Q

US labeling/threshold alcohol rules

A
  • 14% alc or higher: max 1% tolerance

- below 14%: max 1.5%

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20
Q

% of grapes required for State labeling in WA, CA, OR

A
  • WA: 95%

- CA and OR: both 100%

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21
Q

Estate bottling in WA, CA, OR

A

all are 100%

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22
Q

Single vineyard fruit in WA, CA, OR

A

all are 100%

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23
Q

AVA in WA, CA, OR

A
  • WA 85%/95%:
    if a wine is labeled by both an AVA and “Washington,” but it is produced in an AVA that exists in both WA and another state, then 95% of the grapes must either be grown in WA or in the stated AVA
  • CA: 85%
  • OR: 95%
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24
Q

Labeling with AVA for WA, CA, OR

A
  • all min 85% of the stated vintage for wines labeled by state or county
  • all min 95% for wines labeled with an AVA
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25
Q

Recent 4 AVAs specific for WA

A

2012: Ancient Lakes of Columbia Valley
2011: Naches Heights
2009: Lake Chelan and Snipes Mountain

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26
Q

3 AVAs shared with OR

A 
Columbia Gorge (2004)
Columbia Valley (1984)
Walla Walla Valley (1984)
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27
Q

AVA shared with Idaho

A

Lewis-Clark Valley (1984)

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28
Q

Varietal labeling in WA, CA, OR (no vintage)

A
  • WA/CA: 75%
  • OR: 90% for pinot noir, pinot gris, riesling, chardonnay (others are 75%)
  • Except for Vitis labrusca (Concord): only 51% of a varietal
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29
Q

Rules for Meritage blend

A
  • min 2 grapes and no single variety may make up more than 90% of the blend
  • Red: cabernet s-f, merlot, malbec, petit verdot, gros verdot, carmenere, st macaire
  • White: semillon, muscadelle, sauvignon vert and musque
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30
Q

WA Facts

A
  • US’ 2nd largest producer, around 5% of the US production
  • 46-67 degrees parallel — quite ‘northerly’
  • Most of the wine regions and over 95% of vineyards are located east of the Cascade Mountains, where the mountains’ rain shadow effect turns the land arid and necessitates irrigation
  • Alsatian varietals do very well — parallels the rainfall in Alsace
  • Bordeaux is 5X the vineyard space than WA
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31
Q

Father of Washington State Wines

A

Dr. Walter Clore

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32
Q

First and most recent AVA in WA

A
  • 1983: Yakima Valley, 1st AVA

- 2016: Lewis-Clark Valley (shared with Idaho)

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33
Q

Climate and soil of WA

A
  • arid, windy and cold climate — fairly ‘pest-free’ and no downy mildew
  • Sunlight is an ally, as Washington’s vineyards receive additional summer sunshine hours in accordance with its northerly latitude
  • Missoula Floods formed glaciers; geologic variations
  • almost vyds lie blow the floodwaters with loess, overlying gravel and basalt
  • Cascade Mountains - the mountains’ rain shadow effect turns the land arid and necessitates irrigation
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34
Q

Only AVA located west of the Cascade Range

A

Puget Sound AVA, near Seattle

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35
Q

This river in Columbia Gorge AVA splits it between WA and OR

A

Columbia river, Hood river

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36
Q

3 AVAs where white grape plantings outnumber red

A

Columbia Gorge, Yakima Valley and Ancient Lakes

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37
Q

Differences between eastern and western Washington

A
  • Eastern Washington
  • experiences a true continental climate
  • “rain-shadow”
  • vineyards are thus generally planted on sandy or silty loam soils derived from the flood-borne sediments.
  • East of the Cascades: bedrock is invariably basalt, overlaid by sediments deposited by the Missoula Floods, a catastrophic cycle of massive floods that occurred repeatedly at the end of the last ice age, some 12,000 to 18,000 years ago.
  • Western Washington
  • more of a maritime climate
  • vyds can be dry-farmed, an extreme rarity in eastern Washington
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38
Q

Washington’s largest viticultural region

A

Columbia Valley

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39
Q

Columbia Valley encompasses all WA’s AVA except these (3)

A

Lewis-Clark Valley (ID), Puget Sound (far west) and Columbia Gorge (OR)

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40
Q

Top white and red varietals in Columbia Valley AVA; name 3 wineries

A
  • Riesling, Merlot

- Chateau Ste Michelle, Quilceda Creek, Columbia Crest

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41
Q

This AVA has the highest concentration of wineries in WA

A

Walla Walla Valley

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42
Q

Top white and red varietals in Walla Walla; name 3 wineries

A
  • Cab sauv…..then merlot, syrah, cab france and malbec

- Woodward Canyon, Pepper Bridge, Leonetti, De Lille Cellars, L’Ecole No 41, Andrew Will, Seven Hills Vyd

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43
Q

Where in WA are the Blue Mountains located?

A

Eastern border of Walla Walla

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44
Q

T or F? Due to dry temps and sandy soils, phylloxera has not yet established itself in the Columbia Valley AVA, so most vines are grown on their rootstock

A

True!

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45
Q

Horse Heaven Hills is bounded on the N by this AVA ____ and on the S by this body of water ____

A

Yakima Valley AVA, Columbia River

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46
Q

Which AVA is the proud source of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd “100 point” wines in WA State

A

Horse Heaven Hills

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47
Q

Name 2 wineries from Horse Heaven Hills AVA

A

Alder Ridge, The Benches, Champoux Vyd, Canoe Ridge

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48
Q

This AVA is naturally bounded by the Columbia River to the west and south, by the Saddle Mountains on the north

A

Wahluke Slope AVA

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49
Q

Most planted grapes in Lake Chelan AVA

A

Pinot noir, Riesling

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50
Q

T or F? Yakima Valley (the first sub-AVA) is also the largest sub-AVA in Columbia Valley, both in total size and wine-grape acreage. Grows more than 1/3 of all vinifera wine grapes in WA state

A

True!

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51
Q

Yakima Valley AVA encompasses these 3 sub-AVAs

A

Rattlesnake Hills, Snipes Mountain and Red Mountain

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52
Q

This AVA is unique from other AVAs in easterns Washington in that it lies north of the Missoula Floods; soil types here are glacial sediments along with ash and pumice from volcanoes from the nearby Cascade Range

A

Lake Chelan

53
Q

WA’s smallest, most densely planted and warmest AVA

A

Red Mountain

54
Q

Col Solare, Ciel du Cheval and Hedges Family Estate are in this sub-AVA

A

Red Mountain

55
Q

World’s largest Riesling producer

A

Ch St. Michelle

56
Q

Ch St. Michelle has a joint venture called this ____, with Erni Loosen of Bernkastel

A

Eroica

57
Q

Newest AVA in OR

A

Van Duzer Corridor (2019)

58
Q

Top grapes in OR

A

1) Pinot Noir
2) Pinot Gris
3) Chardonnay
4) Syrah
5) Riesling
6) Cab Sauv

59
Q

Most vineyards in OR are located in valleys between these two natural barriers

A

Oregon’s Coast Range to the west and the Cascade Mountains to the east

60
Q

This AVA’s topsoil of basalt cobblestones that draws comparisons to the galets of Châteauneuf-du-Pape

A

The Rocks of Milton-Freewater AVA

61
Q

Oregon’s first and largest AVA

A

Willamette Valley AVA (~75% of Oregon’s vines)

62
Q

7 sub-AVAs of OR

A
  • Yamhill-Carlton (2004)
  • McMinnville
  • Van Duzer Corrider
  • Chehalem Mountains
  • Ribbon Ridge
  • Dundee Hills (2004)
  • Eola-Amity Hills
63
Q

3 main towns of OR

A

Portland, Salem, Eugene

64
Q

2 AVAs in OR lie entirely within the OR state

A

Willamette Valley and Southern Oregon AVA

65
Q

T or F? Most vyds found west of the Willamette River, with the largest concentration in Yamhill County

A

True!

66
Q

2 types of soil in Willamette

A
  • Jory
  • well drained volcanic topsoil = more elegance; Dundee Hills
  • “red hill soils” that formed from basalt
  • Willakenzie
  • fine loam ash covered soil = denser style, darker fruit; Ribbon Ridge
67
Q

Ribbon Ridge AVA, is contained in this larger AVA

A

Chehalem Mountains

68
Q

This sub-AVA is sandwiched between Van Duzer Corridor on the West and Willamette River/Salem on the East

A

Eola-Amity Hills

69
Q

This bottle won top prize in the Gault-Millau 1979 Wine Olympics

A

1975 South Block Reserve Pinot Noir from Eyrie Vyds

70
Q

Chehalem Mountains AVA first winery in 1978

A

Adelsheim

71
Q

Top two planted grapes in OR

A

Pinot noir, then gris

72
Q

Most famous vineyard in OR? First?

A
  • Most famous: Shea, in Yamhill-Carlton

- First vineyard: Eyrie, in Dundee Hills

73
Q

What Chardonnay clone replaced Wente in Oregon?

A

Mendoza

74
Q

Effect on grapes from Van Duzer Corridor

A
  • windy, more density, smaller yields and thicker skins on grapes
  • wines of greater concentration and structure
  • reduces disease
75
Q

Trellising method in OR

A

Most Guyot

76
Q

Is chaptalization legal in OR?

A

Legal, some use it but don’t need it

77
Q

First Cab vyd in WA?

A

Otis vyd (Yakima)

78
Q

Hottest AVA in WA?

A

Red Mountain (Yakima)

79
Q

Coolest Yakima sub?

A

Rattlesnake

80
Q

Where is the Champoux vineyard located? Name 2 important wineries that gets fruit from this vyd

A
  • Horse Heaven Hills

- Andrew Will and Quilceda Creek

81
Q

WA’s first grapes planted

A

Fort Vancouver by the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1825

82
Q

Oldest Muscat vines in WA

A

Snipes Mountain (1917) - Muscat d’Alexandria

83
Q

Oregon’s oldest continuously operating winery

A

Honeywood Winery

84
Q

Richard Sommer / Hillcrest Vineyard

A
  • launches OR’s modern era of winegrowing
  • OR’s oldest estate winery (1961, Umpqua)
  • plants riesling, gewurz, chad, semillon, sauv blanc, cab sauv, pinot noir, zin
85
Q

First plantings in Willamette Valley

A

1965 David Lett, Dundee Hills, pinot noir

86
Q

First vintage bottling of pinot noir in OR

A

Richard Sommer (1967)

87
Q

Quilceda Creek line of wines

A

“Galitzine Vyd”
“Palengat” Blend
“CVR” Blend

88
Q

Effects of the Coast Range in WA and OR

A
  • forms a sheltering sea wall, as it does in CA, but the ocean’s cold North Pacific current brings rain instead of fog, creating a climate that is mild for such northern latitudes
  • separates Willamette Valley from the hot desert in Oregon’s east
  • also separates wet western WA from its eastern desert
89
Q

T or F? Southern OR is much warmer and drier than the rest

A

True!

90
Q

Coolest and wettest AVA in Southern OR

A

Umpqua Valley

91
Q

The Rocks of Milton-Freewater is in this AVA

A
  • Walla Walla Valley
  • one of the first in US to be defined almost entirely by soil
  • 93% of it made of a single type of soil, the Freewater Series (sitting on an alluvial fan of basalt cobbles
  • Cayuse (put this sub-AVA on the map)
92
Q

2 sub-AVAs in Southern Oregon AVA

A
  • Umpqua Valley

- Rogue Valley

93
Q

T or F? Umpqua Valley is located south of Willamette; entirely within Douglas County, Abacela winery (albarino, tempranillo)

A

True!

94
Q

2 AVAs of Umpqua Valley

A
  • Red Hill Douglas County (single-vineyard AVA)

- Elkton Oregon

95
Q

Sole sub-AVA in Rogue Valley

A

Applegate Valley

96
Q

Southernmost AVA in OR, located just before the California border; warmest and driest growing region west of the Cascades in Oregon

A

Rogue Valley AVA

97
Q

Where were Washington’s 1st vinifera vines planted?

A

Yakima

98
Q

Who did Tchelistcheff consult for in the late 1960s

A

American Wine Growers (now Ste Michelle Estates)

99
Q

Which Washington AVAs are not within Columbia Valley?

A

Puget Sound, Columbia Gorge, Lewis and Clark

100
Q

Sole WA AVA in the Cascades

A

Columbia Gorge

101
Q

Where is Col Solare?

A

Red Mountain

102
Q

Who is Col Solare a collaboration between? Name another Washington collab?

A
  • Ste Michelle and Antinori

- Ste Michelle collab with Loosen called Eroica

103
Q

Where are Two Blondes and Dubrul vineyard?

A

Rattlesnake Hills AVA

104
Q

Who bought Pacific Rim from Randall Graham?

A

Banfi

105
Q

Name all of Washington’s cross state AVAs

A

Columbia Gorge, Columbia Valley, Walla Walla, Lewis and Clarke

106
Q

Name 2 Horse Heaven Hills AVA vineyards

A

Champoux, Canoe Ridge, The Benches

107
Q

Most planted grape of Ancient Lakes AVA?

A

Riesling

108
Q

Driest AVA in Washington?

A

Ancient Lakes (6in a year)

109
Q

What is the AVA for Seven Hills, Ferguson, Pepper Bridge Vineyard?

A

Walla-Walla; The Rocks of Milton Freewater AVA (fully in Oregon)

110
Q

What is the major viticultural hazard in Columbia Valley? 2 reasons phylloxera never got there?

A
  • No water 6-12inches per year and frost when one move inland
  • Sandy soil and huge distance of the vineyards kept the bug away
111
Q

Viticultural techniques WA growers use against the frost?

A

Dual-trunk training and buried canes

112
Q

When and where was the first WA state vinifera grape planted? Syrah? Cabernet Sauvignon?

A
  • First vines: 1917 Muscat de Alexandria (Snipes Mountain)
  • Syrah: 1986 Red Willow Vineyard (Yakima Valley)
  • Cab Sauv: 1957 Otis Vineyard
    (Yakima Valley)
113
Q

Mountain range protecting Walla Walla to the East?

A

Blue Mountain

114
Q

What is VINEA?

A

Walla Walla wineries organization of promoting sustainability

115
Q

What is the warmest, smallest sub AVA within Yakima Valley? Main Grape? Name 2 vineyards and 2 producers?

A
  • Red Mountain
  • Cab Sauv
  • Kiona, Klipsun
  • Col Solare, Hedges
116
Q

Largest vineyard on Columbia River fruit source for many wineries north of Tri-Cities? Name the 3 cities?

A
  • 900 acres Sagamore Vineyard

- Kennewick, Pasco and Richland

117
Q

Columbia Gorge’s most notable fruit source vineyard? Main grapes? Producers bottling fruit from there?

A
  • Cello Vineyard
  • Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
  • Woodward Canyon, Ken Wright
118
Q

Name and location of the largest contiguous vineyard in US?

A

McKinley Springs 2800 acres, Horse Heavan Hills AVA

119
Q

Name MW and MS winemakers in Washington?

A

Bob Betz and Greg Harrington

120
Q

Name a notable producer of Riesling in Oregon

A

Trisateum, Brooks, Chehalem

121
Q

Does the Cote d’Or or Willamette Valley have a shorter growing season?

A

Cote d’Or, but higher temps

122
Q

Which AVA is shared between Oregon and Idaho?

A

Snake River Valley AVA

123
Q

Applegate Valley AVA is within which other AVA?

A

Rogue Valley AVA

124
Q

In OR, Résonance is a project from which Burg producer?

A

Jadot

125
Q

Where is the Atavus Vineyard?

A

Columbia Gorge

126
Q

Which AVA is Pepper Bridge Vineyard

A

Walla Walla Valley

127
Q

Newest AVA in OR in 2021?

A

Lower Long Tom AVA (in Willamette Valley)

128
Q

Newest AVAs in OR in 2020?

A
  • Tulatin Hills - Willamette, OR

- Laurelwood District (within Chehalem Mountains AVA)- Willamette, OR

_My Cards (42 decks)

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