Wallace_Tense: Imperfect

Question 1

What is the progressive imperfect?

Answer 1

used to describe an action or state that is in progress in past time from the viewpoint of the speaker (speaks of either vividness or simultaneity with another action)

Question 2

What are the translational glosses used for the progressive imperfect?

Answer 2

“was continually doing,” “was right then happening”

Question 3

What is the ingressive imperfect? And what is the translational glosses used for the ingressive imperfect?

Answer 3

1. used to stress the beginning but implies that the action continues
2. “began doing”

Question 4

How does the ingressive imperfect differ from the ingressive aorist? And what is the translational glosses used for the ingressive aorist?

Answer 4

1. the aorist ingressive stresses beginning but does not imply that the action continues like the imperfect
2. “began to do” (while it is “began doing” for the imperfect ingressive)

Question 5

What is the iterative imperfect?

Answer 5

used to indicate repeated action in past time

Question 6

What are the two subcategories of the iterative imperfect?

Answer 6

1: iterative proper: repeated action by the same agent

2. distributive: individual acts of multiple agents

Question 7

What are the translational glosses for the iterative imperfect

Answer 7

“kept on doing,” “going,” “repeatedly,” “continuously doing”

Question 8

What is the customary imperfect?

Answer 8

used to indicate a regularly recurring activity in past time (habitual) or a state that continued for some time (general)

Question 9

What is the difference between the iterative and customary imperfect

Answer 9

1. customary occurs regularly over long span

2. the iterative does not occur regularly and has a shorter span of time

Question 10

What are the two broad categories of the customary imperfect?

Answer 10

1. habitual imperfect: repeated action

2. stative imperfect: ongoing state

Question 11

What are the translational glosses of the two broad categories of the customary imperfect?

Answer 11

1. habitual imperfect: “customarily,” habitually,” “used to,” “were accustomed to”
2. stative imperfect: “continually”

Question 12

What is the conative imperfect?

Answer 12

used to indicate something that was desired, attempted, or at the point of almost happening

Question 13

What are the names of the three conative imperfects?

Answer 13

1. voluntative: desired
2. conative: attempted
3. tendential: almost happened

Question 14

What are the two types of the conative?

Answer 14

1. in progress, but not complete (conative)

2. not begun, but about/desired to be attempted (voluntative, tendential)

Question 15

What is a nuance for the in progress, but not complete (true conative) and a translational gloss?

Answer 15

1. an attempt was made, but not brought to a successful conclusion
2. “was attempting (unsuccessfully)”

Question 16

What is a nuance for the not begun, but about/desired to be attempted (voluntative, tendential) and a translational gloss?

Answer 16

1. the action was contemplated more than once (hence the imperfect)
2. “was about,” “could almost wish”

Question 17

What is the imperfect retained in indirect discourse?

Answer 17

1. the imperfect can be retained from the direct discourse

2. In English we translate it as though it were a past perfect

Question 18

How do you diagram a progressive imperfect?

Answer 18

Past / Present / Future

Question 19

How do you diagram in ingressive imperfect?

Answer 19

Past / Present / Future

*——

Question 20

How do you diagram an iterative imperfect?

Answer 20

Past / Present / Future

* * **

Question 21

How do you diagram a customary imperfect? (habitual or general)

Answer 21

Past / Present / Future
**
or
———

Question 22

How do you diagram a true conative imperfect? (in progress, but not complete)

Answer 22

Past / Present / Future

——-o

Question 23

How do you diagram a voluntative/tendential imperfect? (not begun, but about/desired to be attempted)

Answer 23

Past / Present / Future

o o o