Wallace_Prepositions

Question 1

What type of prepositions act more as adverbs and which ones act more as adjectives?

Answer 1

1. adverbially: prepositions connected to dative and accusative
2. adjectivally: prepositions connected to genitive
   (this is in keeping with the simple case uses: the accusative and dative are usually connected to a verb and the genitive is usually connected to a noun.

Question 2

Some prepositions are stative (indicating stasis) or transitive (indicating movement), just as some verbs are stative or transitive. If a stative preposition is linked to a transitive verb what takes priority? What is the generally rule governing these relationships?

Answer 2

1. The verb takes the priority

2. so even if the preposition would otherwise indicate stasis, a transitive verb will override.

Question 3

What is the basic use for the preposition?

Answer 3

1. to clarify, strengthen, or alter the basic case usage

Question 4

What is the term that refers to the overlapping of semantic domains with prepositions?

Answer 4

laxity (sometimes a preposition will encroach on another’s meaning, but in some instance the there is not a reciprocal laxity [ὑπερ & ἀντι]; sometimes the overlap goes in both directions [eg εἰς & ἐν])

Question 5

[not required, but familiarize myself]

ἀνα (with accusative only)

Answer 5

1. distributive: in the midst; each, apiece

2. spatial: up, motion upwards

Question 6

[not required, but familiarize myself]

ἀντι (with genitive only)

Answer 6

1. substitution: instead of, in place of
2. exchange/equivalence: for, as, in the place of
3. cause: because of (debatable category)

Question 7

ἀπο (with genitive only)

Answer 7

1. separation (place or person): away from
2. source: from out of
3. cause: because of
4. partitive: of
   (rarely, agency: by, from)

Question 8

δια with genitive

Answer 8

(through)

1. agency: by, through
2. means: through
3. spatial: through
4. temporal: throughout, during

Question 9

δια with accusative

Answer 9

1. cause: because of, on account of, for the sake of

rarely, spatial: through

Question 10

εἰς (with accusative only)

Answer 10

1. spatial: into, toward, in
2. temporal: for, throughout
3. purpose: for, in order to, to
4. result: so that, with the result that
5. reference/respect: with respect to, with reference to
6. advantage: for
7. disadvantage: against
   (or in the place of ἐν with its various nuances)

Question 11

ἐκ (with genitive only)

Answer 11

(from)

1. source: out of, from
2. separation: away from, from
3. temporal: from, from [this point] … on
4. cause: because of
5. partitive: of
6. means: by, from

Question 12

ἐν (with dative only)

Answer 12

1. spatial/sphere: in
2. temporal: in, within, when, while, during
3. association: with (often close personal relationship)
4. cause: because of
5. instrumental: by, with
6. reference/respect: with respect to, with reference to
7. manner: with
8. thing possessed: with (in the sense of which possesses)
9. standard: according to the standard of
   (also as an equivalent for εἰς; with verbs of motion)

Question 13

ἐπι with the genitive

Answer 13

1. spatial: on, upon, at, near
2. temporal: in the time of, during
3. cause: on the basis of

Question 14

ἐπι with the dative

Answer 14

1. spatial: on, upon, against, at, near
2. temporal: at, at the time of, during
3. cause: on the basis of

Question 15

ἐπι with the accusative

Answer 15

1. spatial: on, upon, to, up to, against

2. temporal: for, over a period of

Question 16

κατα with the genitive

Answer 16

1. spatial: down form, throughout
2. opposition: against
3. source: from

Question 17

κατα with the accusative

Answer 17

1. standard: in accordance with, corresponding to
2. spatial: along, through (extension); toward, up to (direction)
3. temporal: at, during
4. distributive: “indicating the division of a greater whole into individual parts”
5. purpose: for the purpose of
6. reference/respect: with respect to, with reference to

Question 18

μετα with the genitive

Answer 18

(with)

1. association/accompaniment: with, in company with
2. spatial: with, among
3. manner: with

Question 19

μετα with the accusative

Answer 19

1. temporal: after, behind

rarely, spatial: after, behind

Question 20

παρα with the genitive

Answer 20

(generally, the idea is from (the side of; almost always with a personal object)

1. source/spatial: from
2. agency: from, by

Question 21

παρα with the dative

Answer 21

(generally, suggests proximity or nearness)
1. spatial: near; beside
2. sphere: in the sight of, before (someone)
3. association: with (someone/something)
(virtually equivalent to simple dative)

Question 22

παρα with the accusative

Answer 22

1. spatial: by alongside of, near; on
2. comparison: in comparison to, more than
3. opposition: against, contrary to

Question 23

περι with the genitive

Answer 23

1. reference: concerning

2. advantage/representation: on behalf of, for (= ὑππερ)

Question 24

περι with the accusative

Answer 24

(around, near)

1. spatial: around, near
2. temporal: about, near
3. reference/respect: with regard/reference to

Question 25

[not required, but familiarize myself]

προ (with genitive only)

Answer 25

(before)

1. spatial: before, in front of, at
2. temporal: before
3. rank/priority: before

Question 26

προς (with accusative almost exclusively )

Answer 26

1. purpose: for, for the purpose of
2. spatial: toward
3. temporal: toward, for (duration)
4. result: so that, with the result that
5. opposition: against
6. association: with, in company with (with stative verbs)

Question 27

συν (with dative only

Answer 27

1. accompaniment/association: with, in association (company) with

Question 28

ὑπερ with the genitive

Answer 28

1. representation/advantage: on behalf of, for the sake of
2. reference/respect: concerning, with reference to (= περι)
   substitution: in place of, instead of (=ἀντι; such instances also involve representation)

Question 29

ὑπερ with the accusative

Answer 29

1. spatial: over, above

2. comparison: more than, beyond

Question 30

ὑπο with the genitive

Answer 30

1. agency: by (ultimate agency)
2. intermediate agency: through (with active verbs
   (rarely, means: by)

Question 31

ὑπο with the accusative

Answer 31

1. spatial: under; below

2. subordination: under (the rule of)