Wallace_Prepositions Flashcards
What type of prepositions act more as adverbs and which ones act more as adjectives?
- adverbially: prepositions connected to dative and accusative
- adjectivally: prepositions connected to genitive
(this is in keeping with the simple case uses: the accusative and dative are usually connected to a verb and the genitive is usually connected to a noun.
Some prepositions are stative (indicating stasis) or transitive (indicating movement), just as some verbs are stative or transitive. If a stative preposition is linked to a transitive verb what takes priority? What is the generally rule governing these relationships?
- The verb takes the priority
2. so even if the preposition would otherwise indicate stasis, a transitive verb will override.
What is the basic use for the preposition?
- to clarify, strengthen, or alter the basic case usage
What is the term that refers to the overlapping of semantic domains with prepositions?
laxity (sometimes a preposition will encroach on another’s meaning, but in some instance the there is not a reciprocal laxity [ὑπερ & ἀντι]; sometimes the overlap goes in both directions [eg εἰς & ἐν])
[not required, but familiarize myself]
ἀνα (with accusative only)
- distributive: in the midst; each, apiece
2. spatial: up, motion upwards
[not required, but familiarize myself]
ἀντι (with genitive only)
- substitution: instead of, in place of
- exchange/equivalence: for, as, in the place of
- cause: because of (debatable category)
ἀπο (with genitive only)
- separation (place or person): away from
- source: from out of
- cause: because of
- partitive: of
(rarely, agency: by, from)
δια with genitive
(through)
- agency: by, through
- means: through
- spatial: through
- temporal: throughout, during
δια with accusative
- cause: because of, on account of, for the sake of
rarely, spatial: through
εἰς (with accusative only)
- spatial: into, toward, in
- temporal: for, throughout
- purpose: for, in order to, to
- result: so that, with the result that
- reference/respect: with respect to, with reference to
- advantage: for
- disadvantage: against
(or in the place of ἐν with its various nuances)
ἐκ (with genitive only)
(from)
- source: out of, from
- separation: away from, from
- temporal: from, from [this point] … on
- cause: because of
- partitive: of
- means: by, from
ἐν (with dative only)
- spatial/sphere: in
- temporal: in, within, when, while, during
- association: with (often close personal relationship)
- cause: because of
- instrumental: by, with
- reference/respect: with respect to, with reference to
- manner: with
- thing possessed: with (in the sense of which possesses)
- standard: according to the standard of
(also as an equivalent for εἰς; with verbs of motion)
ἐπι with the genitive
- spatial: on, upon, at, near
- temporal: in the time of, during
- cause: on the basis of
ἐπι with the dative
- spatial: on, upon, against, at, near
- temporal: at, at the time of, during
- cause: on the basis of
ἐπι with the accusative
- spatial: on, upon, to, up to, against
2. temporal: for, over a period of
κατα with the genitive
- spatial: down form, throughout
- opposition: against
- source: from
κατα with the accusative
- standard: in accordance with, corresponding to
- spatial: along, through (extension); toward, up to (direction)
- temporal: at, during
- distributive: “indicating the division of a greater whole into individual parts”
- purpose: for the purpose of
- reference/respect: with respect to, with reference to
μετα with the genitive
(with)
- association/accompaniment: with, in company with
- spatial: with, among
- manner: with
μετα with the accusative
- temporal: after, behind
rarely, spatial: after, behind
παρα with the genitive
(generally, the idea is from (the side of; almost always with a personal object)
- source/spatial: from
- agency: from, by
παρα with the dative
(generally, suggests proximity or nearness)
1. spatial: near; beside
2. sphere: in the sight of, before (someone)
3. association: with (someone/something)
(virtually equivalent to simple dative)
παρα with the accusative
- spatial: by alongside of, near; on
- comparison: in comparison to, more than
- opposition: against, contrary to
περι with the genitive
- reference: concerning
2. advantage/representation: on behalf of, for (= ὑππερ)
περι with the accusative
(around, near)
- spatial: around, near
- temporal: about, near
- reference/respect: with regard/reference to
[not required, but familiarize myself]
προ (with genitive only)
(before)
- spatial: before, in front of, at
- temporal: before
- rank/priority: before
προς (with accusative almost exclusively )
- purpose: for, for the purpose of
- spatial: toward
- temporal: toward, for (duration)
- result: so that, with the result that
- opposition: against
- association: with, in company with (with stative verbs)
συν (with dative only
- accompaniment/association: with, in association (company) with
ὑπερ with the genitive
- representation/advantage: on behalf of, for the sake of
- reference/respect: concerning, with reference to (= περι)
substitution: in place of, instead of (=ἀντι; such instances also involve representation)
ὑπερ with the accusative
- spatial: over, above
2. comparison: more than, beyond
ὑπο with the genitive
- agency: by (ultimate agency)
- intermediate agency: through (with active verbs
(rarely, means: by)
ὑπο with the accusative
- spatial: under; below
2. subordination: under (the rule of)
