Wallace_ Absence of the article

Question 1

How does definite relate articular and anarthrous nouns?

Answer 1

1. without an article a noun may still be definite

2. a noun cannot be indefinite when it has the article

Question 2

What are the three forces of anarthrous nouns?

Answer 2

1. indefinite
2. qualitative
3. definite

Question 3

describe indefinite nouns

Answer 3

refers to one member of a class without specifying which member

Question 4

describe qualitative nouns

Answer 4

places the stress on quality, nature, or essence (it is akin to a generic noun in that it focuses on the kind; it emphasizes class trait)

Question 5

describe definite nouns

Answer 5

lays stress on individual identity (unique referential identity)

Question 6

What are the first five ways that a noun may be definite without the article?

Answer 6

1. proper names
2. object of preposition
3. with ordinal numbers
4. predicate nominative
5. complement in object-complement construction

Question 7

What are the second five ways that a noun may be definite without the article?

Answer 7

1. monadic
2. abstract nouns
3. genitive construction
4. pronominal adjective
5. generic nouns

Question 8

Explain how nouns as objects of prepositions relate to definiteness

Answer 8

1. there is no need for articles to be used to make the object of a preposition definite
2. but not all prepositional objects are definite
3. they are often qualitative

Question 9

Explain how a noun may be definite without the article as a predicate nominative

Answer 9

1. if the predicate nominative precedes the copula, it may be definite

Question 10

Explain how a noun may be definite without the article as a complement in object-complement construction

Answer 10

if the complement precedes the object, it may be definite though anarthrous

Question 11

Explain how a noun may be definite without the article as a monadic noun

Answer 11

1. a one-of-a-kind does not require the article to be definite
2. the entire noun phrase, not just a single word, when identifying it as monadic may be definite (“Son of God” is monadic, “son” is not)

Question 12

Explain how abstract nouns should be viewed without the article

Answer 12

1. words such as love, joy, peace, faith, etc. are commonly anarthrous though they are not indefinite
2. they could be classified as qualitative-definite

Question 13

Explain how a noun may be definite without the article in a genitive construction? And what is this construction called?

Answer 13

1. both the head noun and the genitive noun either have the article or lack the article
2. it makes little semantic difference whether the construction is articular or anarthrous
3. Apollonius’ Canon

Question 14

Explain the Apollonius’ Corollary

Answer 14

1. when both nouns are anarthrous, bot will usually have the same semantic force (order of frequency D-D, Q-Q, I-I)
2. Though sometimes there is a one step difference between the two (eg D-Q; and rarely a two step I-D or D-I)

Question 15

Explain how a noun may be definite with a pronominal adjective?

Answer 15

1. nouns such as πας, ὅλος, etc do not need the article to be definite,
2. for either the class as a whole (“all”) or distributivity (“every”) is being specified (a generic force is given to such constructions)

Question 16

Explain how a noun may be definite with a generic noun. And how will it be translated?

Answer 16

1. the generic article is not always necessary in order for a noun to have a generic idea (there is little semantic difference between articular generics and anarthrous generics; some nouns normally take the article others do not)
2. often times they will be translated with an indefinite article