Wallace_Infinitive Flashcards
What are the five adverbial uses of the infinitive?
- purpose
- result
- time
- cause
- complementary
What are the structural patterns for the infinitive used as purpose?
- simple infinitive
- τοῦ + infinitive
- εἰς το + infinitive
- προς το + infinitive
What are the translational glosses to use with the purpose use of the infinitive?
in order to, for the purpose of (I can try this out even with the simple infinitive to see if it makes sense)
What are the structural patterns for the infinitive used as result?
- simple infinitive
- τοῦ + infinitive
- εἰς το + infinitive
- ὢστε + infinitive (most frequent structure for a result infinitive)
What are the translational glosses to use with the result use of the infinitive?
so that, so as to, with the result that
What are the three constructions for infinitives as it relates to time?
- “before” προ του + infinitive (or with πριν [ἢ] + infinitive)
- “while” ἐν τῳ + infinitive (with aorist, “as” “when”)
- “after” μετα το + infinitive
How is the infinitive of cause contructed and its translational gloss?
- δια το + infinitive
2. because
What is the complementary infinitive? (aka supplementary)
Used to help verbs complete their thought
What are the five uses of the substantial infinitive?
- subject
- direct object
- indirect discourse
- appositional
- epexegetical
What is an infinitive used as a subject? And some clues for identification?
- an infinitive or infinitive phrase functions as the subject of a verb (frequent)
- May or may not have the article
- as a test substitute the infinitive/infinitive phrase with a normal noun and see if sentence makes sense
What is an infinitive used as a direct object? And some clues for identification?
- an infinitive or infinitive phrase functions as the direct object of a verb (rare, but important for exegesis)
- May or may not have the article
- as a test substitute the infinitive/infinitive phrase with a normal noun and see if sentence makes sense
What is an infinitive used as a indirect discourse? And important elements?
- infinitive (or phrase) functioning after verb of perception or communication (common)
- Retains the tense of the original direct discourse and it usually represents either an indicative or imperative as represented in the original (“I told you to do the dishes,” or “if someone claims to have faith”) (verbs can include knowing, thinking, believing, speaking, asking, urging, commanding)
What is an infinitive used as apposition? And the key to identification?
- typically refers to a specific example that falls within the broad category named by the head noun
- may stand in apposition to any other substantive (noun, pronoun, substantival adj. etc (common)
- insert “namely” or replace the “to” with a colon (though this does not always work)
What is an infinitive used as epexegetical?
- clarifies, explains, or qualifies a noun or adj (common)
How to tell the difference between an infinitive in apposition or epexegetical?
- epexegetical explains the noun or adj to which it is related
- apposition defines it; (more substantival than adjectival)
- an epexegetical infinitive cannot typically substitute for its antecedent, while an appositional infinitive can
