Wallace_Conditional Sentences

Question 1

What are the three main meaning of conditional sentences?

Answer 1

1. cause-effect
2. evidence-inference (makes an induction about the implications that a piece of evidence suggests)
3. equivalence (if A then B means A=B; this is a special kind of number 2.

Question 2

What is the converse of the condition?

If A, then B and If B, then A?

Answer 2

1. If B, then A?
   2 The converse is wrong
   “If you live according to the flesh, you are about to die”;
   not: “if you are about to die then you are living according to the flesh” (there are other reasons to die)

Question 3

What about the reverse of the condition

Answer 3

If A does not happen, B still happens
it is not necessarily false
“If you put your hand in the fire, you will get burned (there are other ways to get burned)

Question 4

What are ways to implicitly create a conditional idea in Greek?

Answer 4

1. circumstantial participle
2. a substantival participle
3. an imperative
4. a relative clause (esp indefinite relative pronoun)
5. a question
   (these are usually equivalent to third class conditionals)

Question 5

Construction of the first class conditional

Answer 5

(protasis) εἰ + indicative mood, any tense (negated with οὐ)

(apodosis) any mood, any tense

Question 6

Construction of the second class conditional (past tense)

Answer 6

(protasis) εἰ + indicative mood, aorist
(apodosis) ἂν + indicative aorist
(negated with μη)

Question 7

Construction of the second class conditional (present tense)

Answer 7

(protasis) εἰ + indicative mood, imperfect (present tense)
(apodosis) ἂν + indicative imperfect
(negated with μη)

Question 8

Construction of the third class conditional

Answer 8

(protasis) ἐάν + subjunctive mood, any tense
(apodosis) any mood, any tense
(negated with μη)

Question 9

Explain first class conditional sentence

Answer 9

1. assumed true for argument’s sake
2. “if (and lets assume that this is true for the sake of argument), then
   (300X; there is great rhetorical power to if (don’t translate as since, even if we know its true; it is to turn an invitation to dialogue into a lecture; often an encouragement to respond; a tool of persuasion)

Question 10

Explain second class conditional sentence

Answer 10

1. contrary to fact (50X)
2. the assumption of an untruth for the sake of argument
3. Present: “if you were a good man, then you would not be here right now”
4. Past: “if you had been here yesterday, you would have seen a great game”

Question 11

Explain third class conditional sentence

Answer 11

1. presents the condition as uncertain of fulfillment, but still likely (300X)
2. Broad semantic range: a. logical connection; b. mere hypothetical; c. more probable future

Question 12

Explain fifth class conditional sentence

Answer 12

1 Similar to third, but must take a present indicative in the apodosis (the third can also take the present indicative)
2. presents more of a present general condition for a generic situation