Wallace_Subjunctive

Question 1

What does the subjunctive represent?

Answer 1

the verbal action (or state) as uncertain but probably (mood of probability; but sometimes it does entail certainty)

Question 2

What is the hortatory subjunctive? And what is the syntactical clue? And how should it be translated?

Answer 2

1. used to exhort or command oneself and one’s associates
2. The verb will be a first person plural
3. “let us” or “we must”

Question 3

What is a deliberative subjunctive?

Answer 3

1. asks either a real or rhetorical question

Question 4

Explain in more detail the two types of questions the deliberative subjunctive asks (the type of question; expected response; and area of doubt)

Answer 4

1. real: is it possible? resolution of problem; cognitive

2. rhetorical: is it right? volitional/behavioral; conduct

Question 5

What is the definition for the deliberative real subjunctive

Answer 5

1. expects some kind of answer and is a genuine question
2. it does not ask what? or who? but it does ask how? whether? and where? (unlike the interrogative indicative, it does not ask a question of fact, but of possibility, means, location, etc.)

Question 6

What is the definition for the deliberative rhetorical subjunctive

Answer 6

1. expects no verbal response but is in fact a thinly disguised statement, though couched in such a way as to draw the listener into the text
2. it does not ask a question of fact, but of obligation (it is a question of ‘oughtness’)

Question 7

What is the emphatic negation subjunctive? And how is it constructed?

Answer 7

1. is indicated by οὐ μή plus aorist subjunctive (less commonly οὐ μή plus future indicative)
2. this is the strongest way to negate something in Greek

Question 8

What is the prohibitive subjunctive? And how is it constructed? And how is it translated?

Answer 8

1. A negative command (like an negative imperative)
2. μή plus aorist subjunctive (typically in the second person)
3. Do not (for second person)

Question 9

What is a subjunctive in a conditional sentence?

Answer 9

1. the subjunctive will be the protasis of 3rd and 5th class conditional sentences when it is preceded by ἐάν

Question 10

What are the structural differences and similarities between the 3rd and 5th class conditional sentences?

Answer 10

1. virtually identical
2. 5th class requires a present indicative in the apodosis
3. the 3rd class can take virtually any mood-tense combination

Question 11

What are the semantic aspects of the 3rd class conditional sentences?

Answer 11

1. what is likely to occur in the future,
2. what can possibly occur,
3. or what is hypothetical and will not occur

Question 12

What are the semantic aspects of the 5th class conditional sentences?

Answer 12

1. offers a condition the fulfillment of which is realized in the present time (known as the present general condition)
2. a simple condition (the speaker gives no likelihood of its fulfillment)

Question 13

What are the four common uses of the ἳνα + subjunctive

Answer 13

1. purpose
2. purpose-result
3. substantival
4. complementary
   (epexegetical, result, command and also uses but not common)

Question 14

out of the five common uses of the ἳνα + subjunctive, what one is most frequent?

Answer 14

1. purpose

Question 15

What question is the ἳνα + subjunctive purpose clause asking? And what is its translation?

Answer 15

1. why (not what)

2. “in order that,” “to”

Question 16

What does the purpose-result entail

Answer 16

1. both the intention and its sure accomplishment

in Jewish thought purpose and result are identical in declarations of divine will

Question 17

What are the four basic uses of the substantival ἳνα + subjunctive clause?

Answer 17

1. subject
2. predicate nominative
3. direct object
4. apposition
   (none is very frequent)

Question 18

What is a complementary ἳνα?

Answer 18

completes the meaning of a helping verb such as θελω, δυναμι, etc.
(the entire construction [verb + ἳνα clause] usually functions as purpose; )

Question 19

What is a subjunctive with verbs of fearing

Answer 19

1. μή + subjunctive can be used after verbs of fearing, warning, watching out for, etc.
2. this construction serves as a warning or suggests caution or of anxiety (βλέπετε μη πλανηθητε “watch out you are not deceived”)

Question 20

What is a subjunctive in indirect question? What is an important point to remember? And what do I do?

Answer 20

1. it follows the main verb
2. but appears awkward and unconnected in the sentence
3. It needs to be smoothed out in translation (ὁ υἱος … οὑκ ἐχει που την κεφαλην κλινῃ “The Son … has no place where he could lay his head”)

Question 21

What is a subjunctive in indefinite relative clause? What words is it used with? And how should it be translated?

Answer 21

1. frequently used after ὃστις, ἂν, ἐάν, ὃς (δ’) ἂν
2. usually indicates a generic or uncertain subject
3. translate as an indicative
   (roughly equivalent to 3rd or 5th class conditional; the contingency is not of time but person)

Question 22

What is a subjunctive in indefinite temporal clause?

Answer 22

indicates a future contingency from the perspective of the time of the main verb (μακαριοι ἐστε ὃταν ὀνειδισωσιν ὑμας “blessed are you whenever they revile you”)

Question 23

With what words is a subjunctive in indefinite temporal clause usually used with?

Answer 23

1. frequently used after temporal adverb (or improper preposition) meaning until (ἓως, ἂχρι, μεχρι)
2. or after temporal conjunction ὃταν with the meaning whenever