Wallace_Ablative, Verbal, and Adverbial Genitives

Question 1

What do the ablative genitives entail?

Answer 1

1. notion of separation (this is a classification of gen.)
2. Can be static (separated state), or progressive (movement away)
3. Emphasis can be either the state resulting from the separation or the cause of the separation (for the most part the ablative is being replaced in Koine by εκ or απο + the genitive)

Question 2

What is a genitive of separation? And what are the translational glosses?

Answer 2

1. the genitive represents what the verb or head noun is separated from (indicates point of departure; rare)
2. “out of” “away from” or “from”
   (key: this genitive will usually be dependent on a verb or verbal form rather than a noun)

Question 3

What is a genitive of source? And what are the translational glosses?

Answer 3

1. the source from which the head noun derives or depends (rare)
2. “out of” “derived from” “dependent on” or “sourced in”

Question 4

What is a genitive of comparison? And what are the translational glosses?

Answer 4

1. Typically comes after a comparative adjective, used to indicate comparison (common)
2. “than” (note: not every gen. after comparative adj. will be comparative because not every comparative adj. is functioning according to form; sometimes they are superlative or elative)

Question 5

What are verbal genitives?

Answer 5

1. this is a classification of gen.
2. whose head nouns involve verbal ideas (the head noun has a verb as a cognate, “βασιλευς” has “βασιλευω” as a cognate)
3. Represents subjective, objective, and plenary gen. (displays descending order of frequency)

Question 6

What is a subjective genitive? And what are the translational glosses?

Answer 6

1. functions semantically as the subject of the verbal idea implicit in the head noun (common in NT)
2. Attempt to convert the gen. into the subject and the head noun into a verbal form (“the revelation of Jesus” becomes “Jesus reveals”)

Question 7

What is a objective genitive? And what are the translational glosses?

Answer 7

1. functions semantically as the object of the verbal idea implicit in the head noun (common in NT)
2. Attempt to convert the gen. into the object and the head noun into a verbal form (“demonstration of his righteousness” becomes “demonstrating his righteousness”)

Question 8

What is a plenary genitive?

Answer 8

functions semantically as both the subject and object of the verbal idea implicit in the head noun (common in NT)

Question 9

And what are the translational glosses for the plenary genitive?

Answer 9

Attempt to convert the gen. into the subject and object and the head noun into a verbal form (“the love of Christ constrains us” becomes “the love that comes from Christ produces our love for Christ, which constrains us”)

Question 10

What are adverbial genitives?

Answer 10

1. this is a classification of gen.
2. Similar in force to an adverb and sometimes a prepositional phrase
3. Will be related to a verb or adjective rather than a noun (if it is related to a noun, there will be a verbal idea associated with the noun)

Question 11

What is a genitive of time? And what are the translational glosses?

Answer 11

1. indicates the kind of time (or time within which the word to which it stands related takes place) (uncommon)
2. “during” or “at” or “within” (the Pharisee fasted twice during the week)
   (gen. with εκ or απο are different, with emphasis placed on the beginning)

Question 12

What is a genitive of means? And what are the translational glosses?

Answer 12

1. indicates the means or instrumentality by which the verbal action (implied in the head noun/adj or explicit in the verb) is accomplished. (it answers the question, “How?”) (rare; more frequent with εκ)
2. “by”

Question 13

What is a genitive of agency? And what are the translational glosses?

Answer 13

1. indicates the personal agent by whom the action in view is accomplished. (almost always related to a verbal adjective with characteristically passive with a lexical ending -τος) (rare)
2. “by”

Question 14

What is a genitive of reference? And what are the translational glosses?

Answer 14

1. indicates the referent that makes the head noun/adj true
2. “with reference to” or “with respect to” (“a heart evil with reference to unbelief”) (All oblique cases can be used to indicate reference; dat. is by far most common, gen. least common)

Question 15

What is a genitive of association? And what are the translational glosses?

Answer 15

1. Shows association between head noun and gen.
   (somewhat common)
2. “with” or “in association with” (normally head noun with have prefix συν-; usually exegetically significant)

Question 16

What are the four predominant uses of the genitive occurring after a verb?

Answer 16

1. sensation
2. emotion/volition
3. sharing
4. ruling
   (they will also typically imply one of the genitive functions; if the verb can take multiple cases as direct object it may be significant)

Question 17

What is significant about genitives occurring after certain adjectives and adverbs?

Answer 17

1. certain adj and adverbs normally take a gen. object
2. Often the adj/adverb is an embedded transitive verb
3. thus taking an objective genitive or involving a partitive idea.

Question 18

What are the 6 most common adjectival genitives?

Answer 18

1. Attributive
2. Content
3. Partitioned
4. Possessive
5. Apposition
6. Simple Apposition

Question 19

What is the most common ablative genitives?

Answer 19

1. comparison

Question 20

What are the 2 most common verbal genitives?

Answer 20

1. subjective

2. objective

Question 21

What is the most common adverbial genitive

Answer 21

1. association