Vygotsky's Theory, Attachemtn/Parenting Styles, & Erik Erikson's Theory of Development Flashcards

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1
Q

How did Vygotsky believe children develop?

A

He believed children develop independently of specific stages as a result of social interactions

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2
Q

What did Vygotsek believe we are born with?

A

Born with attention, sensation, perception, & memory

Social interaction allows us to use these skills and gain higher mental functions

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3
Q

Zone of Proximal Development

A

The range of ability a person can do with or without assistance

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4
Q

What can capable mentors’ assistance do?

A

Assistance from a capable mentor can allow us to reach our fullest potential

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5
Q

How do we develop inner speech?

A

Thoughts develop as a result of a conversation

  • external speak via a gradual process of internalization
  • once we develop internal speak inner speech is independent of spoken language
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6
Q

What are Erikson’s Stages of Psychological Development?

A

Stage 1: Trust vs Mistrust (0-18 months) ; Virtue Hope
Stage 2: Autonomy vs Doubt (2-4yrs) ; Virtue Will
Stage 3: Initiative vs Guilt (5-8yrs) ; Virtue Purpose
Stage 4: Industry vs Inferiority (9-12yrs) Virtue Competence
Stage 5: identity vs Role Confusion (13-19yrs) ; virtue Fidelity
Stage 6: Intimacy vs Isolation (20-39yrs) ; Virtue Fidelity
Stage 7: Generativity vs Stagnation (40-59) ; Virtue Care
Stage 8: Ego Integrity vs Despair (60+) ; Virtue Wisdom

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7
Q

What is Stage 1 of Erikson’s theory?

A

Trust vs Mistrust (0-18m) - Hope

  • must rely on a caregiver for basic needs
  • views the world as a good place
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8
Q

What is Stage 2 of Erikson’s theory?

A

Autonomy vs Shame Doubt
(2-4yrs) - Will
- children learn to do activities on their own
- parents who get angry at their kids will have issues with self-sufficiency
- parents who allow kids to do their own thing gain confidence

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9
Q

What is Stage 3 of Erikson’s Theory?

A

Initiative vs Guilt (5-8yrs) - Purpose

  • children set goals for themselves (may act risky)
  • feel guilt when can’t meet goals (could express violence & anger)
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10
Q

Stage 4 of Erikson’s Theory

A

Industry vs Inferiority (9-12yrs) - Competence

  • more acceptance of criticism from adults about their competence
  • start comparing themselves to peers
  • discover hobbies
  • negative feedback -> less competence
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11
Q

Stage 5 of Erikson’s Theory

A

Identity vs Role Confusion (13-19yrs) - Fidelity

  • prolonged stage
  • set boundaries from parents and live their own lives, romantic interest, own place in adult society
  • experiment with different identities
  • Search for career, gender, political opinion, religion,etc.
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12
Q

Stage 6 of Erikson’s Theory

A

Intimacy vs Isolation (20-39yrs) - love

- finding true romantic or intimate partner instead of being alone

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13
Q

Stage 7 of Erikson’s Theory

A

Generativity vs Stagnation (40-59yrs) - care

  • giving back to future generations
  • raising grandchildren / taking care of your parents
  • not having people to take care of makes us feel unproductive
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14
Q

Stage 8 of Erikson’s Theory

A

Ego Integrity vs Despair (60+) - Wisdom

  • older adults look back and reflect on whether they lived a happy life
  • those who feel good have lots of experiences to draw upon to help and support others in life
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15
Q

What is the importance of contact and touch?

A

Contact and touch are vital to attachment, learning, emotional well-being, and psychological development

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16
Q

How do babies learn?

A

They learn from touch

17
Q

Secure Attachment

A

Caregiver Behaviours:
- react quickly and positively to the child’s needs
- responsive to the child’s need
Child Behaviours
- distressed when the caregiver leaves
- happy when returns
- seeks comfort from caregiver when scared or sad

18
Q

Insecure Avoidant

A
Caregiver Behaviours: 
- unresponsive, uncaring, dismissive
Child Behaviours: 
- no distress when the caregiver leaves nor acknowledges return 
- does not seek contact
19
Q

Insecure Ambivalent

A
Caregiver:
- responds to child inconsistently 
Child: 
- distress when caregiver leaves 
- not comforted by return
20
Q

Insecure Disorganized

A

Caregiver:
- abusive or neglectful
- responds in frightening, or frightening ways
Child:
- no attaching behaviors
- often appear dazed, confused, or apprehensive in presence of caregiver

21
Q

What are the four parenting styles?

A

Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive, & Unengaged

22
Q

Authoritative

A

high demandingness & high responsiveness

  • shows love via warmth & affection
    pro: not restrictive, clear standards
    con: lots of patient and effort
23
Q

Authoritarian

A

High demandingness & low responsiveness

pro: clear establishment of rules; obedient children
con: little to no affection, one sided dialogue

24
Q

Permissive

A

High responsiveness & low demandingness

pro: lots of affection, freedom
con: rules not enforced, kids hold more control in the relationship

25
Q

Unengaged

A

low demandingness & low responsiveness

pro: learn self-reliance
con: no rules, affection, child may have difficulty in social situation, lack coping skills