Module 37: Motivation Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

Motivation

A

A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

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2
Q

How is motivation pushed or pulled from us?

A

Our motivations arise from the interplay between nature (the bodily “push”) and nurture (the “pull” from our personal experiences, thoughts, and culture).
*Our Motives drive our behavior

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3
Q

Instinct Theory

A
  • our instincts as the source of our motivations
  • states that the motivation to survive is the most important motivation and the innate behaviors that aid survival drive our motivations
  • sounds quite a lot like evolutionary theory
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4
Q

Drive-Reduction Theory

A

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need and restore the body to homeostasis, or balance

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5
Q

Instinct

A

A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
ex. imprinting in birds, return of salmon in birthplace, infants’ innate reflexes

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6
Q

How do physiological needs create a drive?

A

Physiological needs (such as for food or water) create an aroused, motivated states - a drive (such as hunger or thirst)- that pushes us to behave in a way that reduces the need and returns the body to hemostasis

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7
Q

Homeostatis

A

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

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8
Q

How does drive reduction theory explain how we regulate our body temperature?

A

Our body regulates its temperature similar to a thermostat
- feedback loops: our body’s temperature cools, our blood vessels constrict to conserve warmth, and we feel driven to put on more clothes or seek a warmer environment

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9
Q

How is behavior pulled by incentives?

A

Not only are we pushed by our need to reduce physiological drives, we also are pulled by incentives - positive or negative environmental stimuli that lure or repel us

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10
Q

Can one behavior be both pushed and pulled?

A

When there is both a biological need and an incentive, we feel strongly driven
Ex. food-deprived person smells pizza baking strong hunger drive and baking pizza may become a compelling incentive

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11
Q

Can curiosity be a motive?

A

Curiosity drives monkey to monkey around trying to figure out how to unlock a latch that opens nothing (Harlow)

  • just wanting to understand and figure it out nothing else (no reward
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12
Q

How do humans seek optimal levels of arousal?

A
  • having all our biological needs satisfied, we feel driven to experience stimulation
  • lacking stimulation we feel bored and look for a way to increase arousal
  • too much stimulation or stress we look for a way to decrease it
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13
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A

The relationship of arousal to performance a

- moderate arousal leads to optimal performance

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14
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A

The principle that performance increase with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases.

The relationship of arousal to performance a
- moderate arousal leads to optimal performance

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15
Q

Abraham Maslow’s Theory of Motivation

A

Theorized that human needs are hierarchical - some have priority over others
Hierarchy of Needs

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16
Q

Hierarchy of Needs

A

Begins at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher level safety needs and then psychological needs are addressed

17
Q

Hierarchy of Needs levels

A

Physiological needs, safety needs, belonging & love needs, esteem needs, self actualization needs, Self transcendence (add later)

18
Q

Hierarchy of Needs levels

A

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active

Physiological needs, safety needs, belonging & love needs, esteem needs, self actualization needs, Self transcendence (add later)

19
Q

Is the order of Maslow’s Hierarchy fixed?

A

The hierarchy is not universally fixed

  • people have starved themselves (Ex. for political statements)
  • culture also influences our priorities: self-esteem matters most in individualist nations, whose citizens tend to focus more on personal achievements than on family and community identity
20
Q

Incentive

A

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior