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Ap Psychology > Module 23: Sleep > Flashcards

Module 23: Sleep Flashcards

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1
Q

Sleep

A

A periodic, natural loss of consciousness

different from unconsciousness from general anesthesia, hibernation, & comas

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2
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

Our bodies roughly synchronize w/ the 24 hour cycle of day & night
- “Internal Biological Clock”

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3
Q

What does our circadian rhythm impact?

A

It impacts our sleep-wake cycles, temperature, hormonal and digestive cycles

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4
Q

When do our body temperature peak?

A
  • as dawn nears (early morning)
  • during the day/noon
  • dips in the afternoon & evening
    (temps rise and fall with the sun)
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5
Q

When do our thinking and memory improve?

A

Our thinking and memory improve as we approach our daily peak in circadian arousal

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6
Q

What may alter someone’s circadian rhythm?

A

Age and experiences

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7
Q

How do psychologists research biological rhythms that occur during sleep?

A

EEG records brain activity while sleeping

- varying wave patterns occur during sleep

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8
Q

What are alpha waves?

A

The waves records when you are awake but in a relaxed state.
- entering sleep

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9
Q

NREM

A

Non-rapid eye movement sleep

- all stage minus REM Sleep (1-3)

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10
Q

REM

A

Rapid eye movement sleep

  • vivid dreams
  • deepest stage of sleep (recurring sleep)
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11
Q

What is NREM-1 stage sleep?

A
  • hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren’t there
  • falling sensation or floating weightlessly
  • some leg or arm jerks
  • hypnagogic sensations (the hallucinations and sensations while falling asleep) may be incorporated into memories
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12
Q

What is NREM-2 stage sleep?

A
  • 20 minutes of sleep
  • sleep spindles : burst of rapid rhythmic brain-wave activity, and K-complexes (distinct wave)
  • could be waken up but are now asleep
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13
Q

What is NREM-3 stage sleep?

A
  • large slow wave sleep (delta waves)
  • 30 minutes
  • hard to awaken
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14
Q

How do we cycle through stages of sleep?

A
  • start stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, stage 2, REM, repeat starting from stage 2
  • some people go to stage 1 but that means they woke up in the middle of the night
  • rollercoaster
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15
Q

What is REM sleep?

A
  • Rapid eye movement sleep
  • recurring sleep stage
  • vivid dreams
  • Paradoxical sleep: muscles are relaxed but other systems are active - can’t move
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16
Q

What physiological events occur during REM?

A
  • heart rate rises, breathing rapid & irregular

- muscle paralysis occurs (some random twitches)

17
Q

How does sleep change as we age?

A

As people age, sleep becomes more fragile with awakening common among older adults.

18
Q

How do biology and environment interact in our sleep patterns?

A

Sleep patterns are genetically and culturally influenced

think school, work, etc.

19
Q

Why do American students get less sleep than sleepers in other countries?

A
  • earlier school start times
  • increased extracurricular activities
  • lack of parent-set bedtime
20
Q

What three environmental factors play a role in our biological ability to sleep?

A
  • modern electric lighting
  • work shift
  • social-media diversions
21
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

A
  • pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that control circadian rhythm
  • responds to light - the SCN causes the brain’s pineal gland to decrease its production of melatonin in the morning and to increase it in the evening
22
Q

How does the SCN react during the day?

A

The suprachiasmatic nucleus suppresses the pineal gland’s production of melatonin

23
Q

How does the SCN react during the night?

A

The suprachiasmatic nucleus quiets down and allows the pineal gland to release melatonin into the bloodstream

24
Q

What are the functions of sleep?

A
  • protection: ancestors were better asleep in caves away from predators; don’t wander off cliffs (natural selection)
  • recuperation: helps restore immune system and brain tissue; gives time for neurons to repair and pruning unused connections
  • restoration and rebuilding: consolidates our memories by replaying recent learnings to strengthen neural activity
  • feeds creative thinking: can inspire artistic or scientific achievements; boost thinking & learning
  • supports growth: the pituitary gland releases human growth hormones necessary for muscle development (during slow wave sleep)
25
Q

How long does the 1 sleep cycle last for?

A

90 minutes

26
Q

What occurs during a normal night’s sleep?

A

NREM-3 sleep shortens & REM and NREm-2 sleep lengthens

27
Q

What disrupts our circadian rhythm?

A
  • too much light or not enough light (nigh-shift) caused desynchronization

Ap Psychology (43 decks)

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